Essay on Domestic Violence and the Effect It Has on Family

Domestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm (Stewart Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence is looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. Domestic Violence cases are thought to be influenced by the use of alcohol, drugs, stress or anger but in reality, they are just learned behaviors by the batterer. These habits can be stopped as long as one seeks help (Stewart Croudep, 1998-2012). For instance, a child is brought up in a household that is constantly involved in criminal acts. As this child grows up, the criminal lifestyle will be synonymous with his/her behavior. With that being said, it is†¦show more content†¦Physical health of the battered is not visible for the naked eye but one will be able to tell if he or she knows how to spot the issue. Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women between the ages of 15 and 4 4 in the United States, more than car accidents, muggings, and rapes combined (Stewart Croudep, 198-2012). Women are not always the victims of domestic violence; men can also be affected by domestic violence. Every year in the U.S., about 3.2 million men are the victims of an assault by an intimate partner (Stewert Croudep, 1998-2012). That is a huge portion of the population when comparing the numbers of other injuries that are reported. Men do not usually report physical abuse because they feel as if it emasculates them or that they will not be taken seriously. This could be problematic to the male’s mental state. The mental state of both men and women are traumatized when domestic violence is happening. When the victim is being battered, the batterer will convince the other that he or she deserves the punishment and that it was their fault and need to be punished. With this mind set always being pushed on the victim, the victim will never be confident in themselves. The battered will also be bruised and possibly made fun of depending on if he or she has a job. The emotional and psychological abuse inflicted by batterers may be more costly to treat in theShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence and the Effect it has on Family1587 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Domestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm† (Stewart Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence is looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. Domestic Violence cases are thought to be influenced by the use of alcohol, drugs, stress or anger but in reality, they are just learned behaviors by the batterer. These habits can be stopped as long as one seeks helpRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is a suppose to be a safe and secure environment for childr en with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every year there are millions of children who’s homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. Domestic violence is a prevalent social issue in America today. First, whoRead MoreChildren And Effects Of Domestic Violence1612 Words   |  7 PagesCHILDREN AND THE EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Children and the Effects of Domestic Violence in the Home Domestic violence is any behavior of physical, sexual, emotional, or physiological acts or threats that intimidate a person or partner by trying to control or maintain power. Unfortunately, many children experience these harmful acts in the home between family members, all of different ages, ethnicities, and statuses. When thinking about a safe and healthy childhood and environment, what comesRead MoreThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1529 Words   |  7 PagesProject: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Trudy Root Kaplan University CM107-11 Children are negatively impacted by the surrounding of domestic violence in multiple ways, in which need to be identified. The audience that needs to be aware of domestic abuse’s effects on children is adults that care for children; such as pediatricians, teachers, counselors, and parents. The issue that needs to be addressed is the negative effects on children involved in a domestic violence situationRead MoreThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1540 Words   |  7 PagesProject: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Trudy Root Kaplan University CM107-11 Children are negatively impacted by the surrounding of domestic violence in multiple ways, in which need to be identified. The audience that needs to be aware of domestic abuse’s effects on children is adults that care for children; such as pediatricians, teachers, counselors, and parents. The issue that needs to be addressed is the negative effects on children involved in a domestic violence situationRead MoreDomestic Violence : The Horrific Effects Of Abuse1464 Words   |  6 PagesDOMESTIC VIOLENCE: The Horrifying Effects of Abuse â€Å"To those who abuse: the sin yours, the crime is yours, and the shame is yours. To those who protect the perpetrators: blaming the victims only masks the evil within, making you as guilty as those who abuse. Stand up for the innocent or go down with the rest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These are the words of an individual who sees too clearly the injustice which comes with domestic violence toward women. The United States government estimates one in every four women willRead MoreDomestic Violence : Violence Between Adult Intimate Partners1632 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence Introduction Domestic Violence isn t just hitting, or fighting, or an occasional mean argument. It s a chronic abuse of power. The abuser tortures and controls the victim by calculated threats, intimidation, and physical violence. Actual physical violence is often the end result of months or years of intimidation and control. Defining the problem: Domestic violence is violence between adult intimate partners. Though the definition above seems simple enough (it is widely acceptedRead MoreChild Exposure to Domestic Violence1163 Words   |  5 PagesChild Exposure to Domestic Violence Introduction: Domestic Violence is any willful intimidations, sexual assault, physical assaults, or any other forms of physical or verbal violent behavior by one intimate partner towards another. Domestic Violence can create both psychological and emotional effects on both the intended victim and anyone that witnesses it to include children. Some children that witness domestic violence are experiencing serious effects that they have to deal with all theirRead MoreThe Effects of Domestic Violence1831 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence What effects does domestic violence have on the victim and their families? Domestic violence has a tremendous effect on people lives. It is a terrible crime and is happening each day. It is said that every 9 seconds a women is assaulted or beaten. Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury in women. This crime is very common and happens to people that you may even know. â€Å"Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive and threatening behaviors that may include physical, emotionalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is domestic Violence? Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development resentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emotional distress and suicide depending on the severity

The Odyssey By Homer And The Old Testaments - 1070 Words

The Odyssey by Homer and the Old Testaments: King James Version are two of the most read and most sophisticated pieces of literature that have transcended through generations. While they share similar qualities; both greatly differ as well, especially when it comes to the women characters. Classical historian and professor of classical studies at Wellesley College, Mary Lefkowitz, makes a significant contrast between these two famous writings. She believes that a major difference between the women of each story differ dramatically when it comes to their personality and actions. â€Å"[Although] the notion... that a man should be active and aggressive, a women passive and subjected to the control of the men in her family, are expressed in virtually every Greek myth, even the ones in which the women seek to gain control over their own live.†¦[so] that it is possible to show that the Greeks at least attributed to women a capacity for understanding that we do not alway find in the other great mythological tradition that has influenced Western thought, namely, the Old and New Testaments. (Women in Greek Myth, Mary Lefkowitz). I completely agree with Lefkowitz statement on these characters, it’s very clear that most of the women in the Old Testament are very flat while the Odyssey is full of well rounded characters especially when it comes to Jacob’s wife Rachel and Odysseus s wife Penelope. 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Performance Measures Transportation Systems â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discus About The Performance Measures Transportation Systems? Answer: Introduction Competition is increasing, demands of customers are changing that forces business to change or improve their strategies (David, and Joseph, 2014). For sustaining into the competitive environment business implement different techniques and tools for improving their performances and strategies. Performance measurement system is one of the important tool for every organization as it helps in measuring the performance of an employee, a team or an organization that results in taking corrective actions to improve the performance. It reflects whether the performance of department has improved or ruined. In last decades, researchers used to study about performance of business, measurement definitions and its measurement systems. Later, researchers developed different models and frameworks for performance measurement (David, and Joseph, 2014). In this report performance measurement system is designed for Delivery department of Woolworths supermarket. Woolworths supermarket has its retail business throughout New Zealand and Australia (Woolworths group. 2017). It is the second largest retail organization in Australia in terms of revenues after Wesfarmers Limited. In the year 1924 the organization has started its business operations by launching its first store in Sydney. In the year 2012, the organization has become one of the largest retail stores in Australia and New Zealand (Woolworths group. 2017). This is the subsidiary of a well-known brand, i.e. Woolworths limited. It operated different brands, such as; Dick Smith Electronics, Safeway Supermarkets, Big W, BMS, Tandy etc. Currently, Woolworths has 1000 retail stores across Australia, from which 968 are supermarkets and 19 are convenience stores (Woolworths group. 2017). Which carry similar logo of Woolworths. Mostly, the company sells groceries, like; fruits, vegetable s, meat, packed food products etc. with this it also sells magazines, stationary goods and DVDs. With Coles, this organization makes a duopoly of supermarkets in Australia, accounting approximately 80% of the Australian industry. Companys goal is to provide good services to their customers and deliver the product to their nearest place. They serve over 29 million customers every week with team of 205,000 employees (Woolworths group. 2017). With addition to this report also includes justification of design for company and for management accounting theory. Accounting for design process is also shown in this report.; Design of the performance measurement system Define the objective Setting objectives for different departments of the organization is very important as it provides a blue print to the employees. In this stage, short term and long term objectives will be decided for delivery department by its manager. While deciding objectives for the department companys main focus should be on improving customer services, satisfaction of the customers, maintaining proper records and building good relations with the clients (Green, 2017). For achieving these objectives business should appoint employees with good communication and interpersonal skills. Delivery manager should identify new systems to make services customer centric and competitive. For maintaining customer satisfaction business should maintain good relations with their clients and suppliers. Organizations that maintain proper records can achieve their decided goals effectively. As maintaining proper track of clients and customers can help in improving service quality (Green, 2017). Delivery manager sho uld be very much competent towards achieving the objective and it can be achieved by motivating employees for improving their services and fulfilling the targets. Aligning performance key indicators Key performance indicator is a computable value that determines how successfully a company is attaining business objectives (Logistics bureau. 2013). For fulfilling targets organizations use key performance indicators at different levels. It focuses on performance of the business and processes of different departments (Logistics bureau. 2013). Different key performance indicators are: Capturing of order: It is one of the important indicators of delivery department. Performance can be measured by checking the number of orders received from the customers. If business will receive less orders as compared to previous month it means there is any problem. Number of orders placed by customers should be analyzed monthly or quarterly to know the performance of the business. If there is reduction in the number of placed orders then they should improve their performance and service quality for sustaining in the competitive market (Logistics bureau. 2013). Management of inventory: Delivery manager should manage the inventory properly so that the stock does not gets damaged. In this proper records are maintained by manager of the stock that has been sold and stock of finished products for sale. If inventories are not managed properly then it creates financial problems and shortage of inventory (Ogbo, Victoria and Ukpere, 2014). Purchasing and supply management: Purchase and supply management both are important for the business as it affects the cost of the product and overall profit of the business. Delivery department should provide information of the stock in a timely manner. This information should be provided to the purchasing department in order to eliminate the shortage of the stock (Weele, 2004). Adequate use of resources is essential for overall performance. In relation to this the business should choose those suppliers who can provide good quality of products on time as poor quality products increase the cost incurred by the company for the purchasing of the product (Moser, 2007). Warehousing: Warehousing is a process of storing the stock of the company in a building from where stocks can be delivered easily to the customers. Warehouses protect the stock from getting damaged and reduces the time taken in delivery of the product. Packaging of the product is also done in the warehouses (Keller, and Keller, 2014). Transportation: Carrying of goods from one place to another is known as transportation. It connects the business from its suppliers and customers. Transportation provides its major contribution in the customer satisfaction. It supports two commercial utilities i.e. place and time (Turnbull, K. F. 2005). Performance measurement Performance measurement is a process of assembling, evaluating and recording information regarding the performance of an employee, a team or an organization. It can be done by comparing actual performance with assigned performance standards. It is also known as performance appraisal that involves systematic evaluation of employees (Word press. 2017). It is a structured system that evaluates work and behavior of the employees. Factors that are considered for measuring the performance of the employees are knowledge of the job, communication, leadership quality, etc. (Word press. 2017). Methods that are used for performance measurement are as follows:- 360 Degree feedback- It is a process in which employees provide feedback about their colleagues or team. 360 degree feedback technique is very helpful in self-development. Organizations use this technique for measuring customer satisfaction, team management and interactive skills (Healthfield, 2016). Negative side of this technique is that it involves multiple raters that might not represent correct or balanced feedback. Self-evaluation- Self-evaluation is part of performance appraisal because it serves a genuine purpose as it helps in development of the career (Fleschner, 2017). Woolworths supermarket can ask their employees for setting their own objectives timely basis. Through this they can evaluate themselves and provide feedback to their managers about achieving their self-made objectives. Balanced scorecard: It is a performance measurement technique used to measure the activities of a company. For long term benefits balanced scorecard technique focuses on marketing, operational, financial and development outputs. It is an instrument which provides navigation towards future success (Zizlavsky, 2014). Rating scales: Rating scales involves criteria of the performance such as attendance, loyalty, creativity, attitude, outcomes etc. It provides ranges to employees from excellent to poor. Then all the scores are calculated that will reflect the performance of the employees (Performance appraisal. 2010). Advantages of rating scales are it is easy to use and adopt, inexpensive, suitable for all types of jobs. Psychological appraisals: Psychological appraisal is concerned about the future performance of the employees rather than their past performance. Its main focus is on the personal characteristics that affects the performance of the employees. Besides this psychological appraisal is costly and time consuming (Cooper and Rothmann, 2013). Check list: Under checklist method, different questions are prepared with options of yes or no. Superior who is responsible for this only prepare the checklist but final evaluating and rating is given by the HR of the company (Libraries. 2017). This method can help Woolworths supermarket in preparing the list of responsibilities for each of the employees in delivery department and then they can evaluate their performance. Scope of improvement Any retail business needs to make improvements in its way of working in order to attain its organizational objectives (Roberthall. 2014). Woolworths can make some improvements in their delivery department according to the deviations reflected in the above stage of performance measurement. Improvements that business can make in its delivery department are as follows:- Software of addressing is used by the business for noting the address of the customer so that they can recheck the address at the time of delivery (Bennett, 2014). As false address can result in delivery failure or delay in delivery and this can reflect negative image of the company in the customers mind. Improvement can be done in the delivery system by checking the list of the activities is done correctly. Tracking of vehicle can help business to provide information of the product to its customer and it helps in cutting the fuel cost. Business can opt outsourcing for delivery whenever it is appropriate. GPS system can help in providing updates of the products to the customers through emails and texts. Drivers that are appointed by business should be trained as they represent the business. They are the ones who interact face to face with the customers so they should greet customers with a smile on their face and feedback should be asked from the customers to know where they are lack ing in order to do improvements (Bennett, 2014). Corrective actions After completing performance measurement and searching for scope of improvements next stage is of taking corrective actions. In this stage business will take different decisions for solving the problems of employees performance (University of Washington. 2017). Association between the supervisor and employee should be such that the corrective action is implemented rather than taking negative actions against the employee (University of Washington. 2017). Corrective actions that business can take are:- Training program: Business can start training sessions for their employees to help them in resolving their problems. Training is meant to increase the productivity, revenue, profits, decreases waste and cost (Dalto, 2014). It increases satisfaction of employees and reduces employee turnover. There are different techniques available for training such as Whiteboard or blackboard, projector, power point presentation, storytelling, group discussion, quizzes, case studies, etc. (Training today. 2016). Motivation: Motivation is another technique that helps in increasing productivity and improving the performance of the employees. Motivation can be done in two ways i.e. monetary motivation and non-monetary motivations. Monetary motivation can be done by salary increment, incentives and other monetary benefits. Non-monetary motivations involve promotion (increase in designation), recognition of the work, non-monetary rewards and appreciation (Sturman, and Ford, 2011). Feedback: Feedback provides a better reflection of the work as it helps in identifying the root cause of the problem. Feedback is important for improving the present performance of the employee and future actions (Office of personnel management. 2017). Counselling: Counselling is provided to that person who is going through a problem. Counselling helps the employee to have a positive perception towards the work. It helps employee to see things differently. Professionals are appointed for counselling of employees. These professionals are well trained and can handle the situation properly (Ekpang, 2015). Justification of the design for the company Woolworths supermarket comprise with different departments. Measuring the performance of these departments is very important for the business. Delivery department is one of the department that need proper assistance and system for improving the performance. Performance measurement is a process of assembling, evaluating and recording information regarding the performance of an employee, a team or an organization. The above mentioned system is designed for Woolworths supermarket as it can help the company for measuring the performance of their employees. System include different stages such as defining the objective, aligning performance key indicators, performance measurement, scope of improvement and corrective actions. First stage included in the design is defining the objective because it is very important for business to decide the objectives for business as well as for employees. Objectives provide a wider image of companys goal. Superior should provide proper communication about the set objectives for eliminating doubts. Second stage of the design includes aligning performance key indicators as it sets some standards on which department and employees performance will be measured. Different key indicators are explained above as that will help Woolworths supermarket to set the performance standards. Third stage of the designed system is performance measurement. Performance measurement is included in the system because this stage will help business to measure the performance of the department and employees. It can be done by comparing actual performance with set standards. Company can use different methods for measuring the performance that are explained above. 360 degree, self-evaluation, balance d scorecard, rating scales, psychological appraisals. These methods will help superiors to check the progress of department and where they are lacking. Measurement of performance stage will guide the superiors for taking correct action. Fourth stage is of scope of improvement. This stage was included in the design because it is important for concerned superiors for making improvements reflected in the third stage. Fifth stage of the system explains corrective actions. It is important for business to take actions for solving the problems faced by the department and employees. Actions that business can prefer are training, motivation and counselling. Justification for Management accounting theory Business use an accounting system for taking decisions that system is known as management accounting. For the development of policies and procedures for the business management accounting provides essential information (Epstein and Lee, 2008). For improving the business services management accounting provide guidance to its management. Different budgets are prepared by the management for controlling the operations of the business. Management accounting use different tools to recognize and examine the problems in the business (Epstein and Lee, 2008). Scope of management accounting are Financial accounting, Cost accounting, Statistical methods and operations research, some of them are explained below:- Financial accounting: Financial accounting provides past information of the business and through this information different strategies and policies are formed. It also helps in forecasting future activities like sales, purchase etc. for the business (Berry, A. 1999). Cost accounting: Cost accounting helps in providing information related to cost of product and services. Tools that are used to interpret this information and form policies are standard costing, marginal costing, unit costing, batch costing, process costing, etc. Design of performance measurement system will help Woolworths for make decisions to improve the performance of the business by considering the budget of the business. Keeping in mind the role of management accounting and performance measurement system to improve the social and financial performance designing of the system is done accordingly. Aspects that are considered is cost of performance measurement system and its benefits to the business, impact of the system on business and reactions of the investors. System will help the superiors of the Woolworths in making different policies and strategies for improving the social and financial performance of the department. Accounting for the design process Group of 4 students have designed this performance measurement system for Woolworths supermarket. All of us were very excited for designing this system as it was a new experience for all of us. We all learned a lot while doing this assignment about our skills, knowledge and perception. Through this assignment we came to know about Woolworths supermarket and its working. At the initially stage we were bit confused about designing the performance measurement system as before this none of us had designed this type of system. All the team members invested their time throughout the process of preparing the system and its report. Report and system is prepared due to the efforts of all the team members. While preparing this report and system of performance measurement we faced some problems too, like miscommunication between the team members, difference in the thought process, different point of view and behavior. Before designing the system all the members of our group decided to find out topic related material and study it to have a clear image of the topic. Then we decided to start the designing, but all the members had different opinions so it was creating a problem for all of us. Like when we were deciding about the stages to be included in the system all of us were explaining different stages which was not possible. To solve this problem we all decided to sit together, then we heard all the members ideas merged them together and came out with five stages of performance measurement system they are defining the objective, identifying key performance indicators, performance measurement, scope of improvement and corrective actions. We have discussed some key indicators in this report like capturing of order, management of inventory, Purchasing and supplier management, warehousing and transportation. With this different methods of performance measurement are also discussed in the report such as 360 degree feedback, self-evaluation, balanced scorecard, Rating scales, psychological appraisals and check list. In this report we have justified our design by using management accounting theory. All the members of our team have contributed their best for designing the performance measurement system and report. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be said that performance measurement system is very important for all the business as it guides the manager about deviations in the department or company. Performance measurement is a process of assembling, evaluating and recording information regarding the performance of an employee, a team or an organization. In this report designing of measurement system is done for Woolworths supermarket. Woolworths supermarket has its retail business throughout New Zealand and Australia. It is the second largest retail organization in Australia in terms of revenues after Wesfarmers Limited. Design of the system includes five stages such as Defining the objective, Aligning key performance indicators, Performance measurement, Scope of improvement and corrective actions. Defining of objective stage explains that objectives helps business to achieve their goals as it provides a blue print to the employees. In this stage, short term and long term objectives will be decided for delivery department of Woolworths supermarket by its manager. Aligning key performance indicators is the second stage included in the design because it provides a numerical value that helps business in analyzing how successfully a department is attaining business objectives. Key indicators that Woolworth can use are Capturing of order, Management of inventory, Purchasing and supplier management, Warehousing and transportation. Third stage that is included in the design is Performance measurement because it evaluates the performance of employees systematically. Methods of performance measurement that are explained above in the report are 360 degree feedback, self-evaluation, balanced scorecard, rating scales, psychological appraisals and check lists. Scope of improvement is the fo urth stage of the performance measurement system. This stage will help managers to know the areas where improvement is required. Last stage that is included in the design is Corrective actions. This stage will help employees to improve their performance and learn new things. Justification of the design is provided above and it can be said that design will help Woolworths supermarket to improve their performance. Managerial accounting theory is also explained in the report to provide the justification of the performance measurement system. All the members of team have provided their views to design this system. References Bennett, H. 2014. 5 Simple Ways to Improve Employee Utilization and Productivity. Accessed on: 21 September, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.keyedin.com/keyedinprojects/article/5-simple-ways-to-improve-employee-utilization-and-productivity Berry, A. 1999. Financial Accounting: An Introduction. Cengage Learning EMEA, pp. 3-41. Cooper, C and Rothmann, I. 2013. Organizational and Work Psychology: Topics in Applied Psychology. Routledge, pp. 207-262. Dalto, J. 2014. How to create an effective training program: 8 steps to success. Accessed on: 22 September, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=7cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwje6uz8hrjWAhUMKo8KHRxsC0UQFghHMAYurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.convergencetraining.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-to-create-an-effective-training-program-8-steps-to-successusg=AFQjCNEPp-Zo24NsPcV2z74noSVhay9yHA David, R. and Joseph. J. E. 2014. Study on performance measurement systems Measures and Metrics. International journal of scientific and research publications, 4(9), pp. 1-10. Ekpang, P. U. 2015. Counselling for effective work performance: A way for service improvement. Journal of humanities and social science, 20(3), pp. 39-43. Epstein, M. J and Lee, J. Y. 2008. Advances in Management Accounting. Emerald Group Publishing, pp. 2-309. Fleschner, M. 2017. How to Handle the Self-Evaluation Component of Your Performance Assessment. Accessed on: 21, September 2017. Accessed from: https://www.monster.com/career-advice/article/performance-assessment-self-evaluation Green, A. 2017. The goals and objectives for a service delivery manager. Accessed on: 22 September 2017. Accessed from: https://careertrend.com/goals-objectives-service-delivery-manager-39741.html Healthfield, S. M. 2016. 360 degree feedback: The good, the bad and the ugly. Accessed on: 21, September 2017. Accessed from: https://www.thebalance.com/360-degree-feedback-information-1917537 Keller, S. B. and Keller, B. C. 2014. Warehousings role in the supply chain. Accessed on: 21 September, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=3cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjcjujGxLXWAhWIqY8KHanhCsUQFggzMAIurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informit.com%2Farticles%2Farticle.aspx%3Fp%3D2166867%26seqNum%3D5usg=AFQjCNHV-lZdNkEKW-O4NHPch4e-RKIAXA Libraries. 2017. Appraisal methods. Accessed on: 22 September 2017. Accessed from: https://open.lib.umn.edu/humanresourcemanagement/chapter/11-2-appraisal-methods/ Logistics bureau. 2013. KPI Key Performance Indicators in Supply Chain Logistics. Accessed on: 21 September, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.logisticsbureau.com/kpi-key-performance-indicator/ Moser, R. 2007. Strategic Purchasing and Supply Management: A Strategy-Based Selection of Suppliers. Springer Science Business Media, pp. 1-16. Office of personnel management. 2017. Performance management. Accessed on: 22 September 2017. Accessed from: https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/performance-management/performance-management-cycle/monitoring/feedback-is-critical-to-improving-performance/ Ogbo, A. I, Victoria, O. I and Ukpere, W. I. 2014. The impact of effective inventory control management on organizational performance. Accessed on: 22 September 2017. Accessed from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263138566_The_Impact_of_Effective_Inventory_Control_Management_on_Organisational_Performance_A_Study_of_7up_Bottling_Company_Nile_Mile_Enugu_ Nigeria Performance appraisal. 2010. Rating scales in performance appraisals. Accessed on: 22 September 2017. Accessed from: https://performance-appraisal.com/ratings.htm Roberthall. 2014. 8 Ways Your Small Business Can Improve Its Delivery Service. Accessed on: 21 September, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.digitalistmag.com/industries/travel-and-transportation/2014/08/29/8-ways-your-small-business-can-improve-its-delivery-service-01335368 Sturman, M. C. and Ford, R. 2011. Motivating your staff to provide outstanding service. Accessed on: 22 September, 2017. Accessed on: https://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1242context=articles Training today. 2016. The most effective training techniques. Accessed on: 22 September 2017. Accessed from: https://trainingtoday.blr.com/article/most-effective-training-techniques/ Turnbull, K. F. 2005. Performance Measures to Improve Transportation Systems. US: Transportation Research Board, pp. 88-132. University of Washington. 2017. Corrective action. Accessed on: 21 September, 2017. Accessed from: https://hr.uw.edu/ops/performance-management/corrective-action/ Weele, A. V. 2004. Purchasing and supply chain management. Accessed on: 22 September 2017. Accessed from: https://www.amazon.com/Purchasing-Supply-Chain-Management-Arjan/dp/1844800245 Woolworths group. 2017. About us. Accessed on: 20 September, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/ Word press. 2017. Performance Appraisal Methods. Accessed on: 21, September 2017. Accessed from: https://corehr.wordpress.com/performance-management/performance-appraisal-methods/ Zizlavsky, O. 2014. The Balanced Scorecard: Innovative Performance Measurement and Management Control System. Journal of technology management innovation, 9(3), pp. 210-222.

Materialism Vs Idealism Essays (562 words) - Monism, Ontology

Materialism vs Idealism annon History tells us very little of Titus Lucretius Carus, but one can see from reading his work that he has a strong dislike towards religious superstition, which he claims is the root of human fear and in turn the cause of impious acts. Although he does not deny the existence of a god, his work is aimed at proving that the world is not guided or controlled by a divinity. Lucretius asserts that matter exists in the form of atoms, which move around the universe in an empty space. This empty space, or vacuity, allows for the movement of the atoms and without it everything would be one mass. He explains that matter and vacuity can not occupy the same space, ...where there is empty space, there matter is not..., and these two things make up the entire universe. These invisible particles come together to form material objects, you and I are made of the same atoms as a chair or a tree. When the tree dies or the chair is thrown into a fire the atoms do not burn up or die, but are dispersed back into the vacuity. The atoms alone are without mind or secondary qualities, but they can combine to form living and thinking objects, along with sound, color, taste, etc... Atoms form life, consciousness, and the soul, and when our body dies there is nothing left of the latter except for its parts, which randomly become parts of other forms. Matter is never ending reality, only changing in its form. In the philosophical system developed by Irish philosopher George Berkeley, Idealism, Berkeley states that physical objects, matter, do not exist independent of the mind. The pencil that I am writing this essay with would not exist if I were not perceiving it with my senses, but in the dialogue between Hylus and Philonous Berkeley attempts to show things can and do exist apart from the human mind and our perception, but only because there is a mind in which all ideas are perceived or a deity that creates perception in the human mind, either way its God. He says that the external world can not be understood by thought, but sensible things, objects that we perceive, can be reduced to ideas in the mind. These ideas, or objects before the mind, possess primary qualities, the main structure, and secondary qualities, what we derive from our senses, which are inseparable. I'm confused about this, if I'm thinking about a star in a different galaxy, which makes the star an object before my mind, then where are the secondary qualities? Over all, idealism appears to be the antithesis of materialism in its approach to discovering the nature of the universe. Kant would say that both views are based on speculation and can not be proven, but I prefer Lucretius' views over Berkeleys' simply because he tries to keep a deity out of the picture. He claims that the gods are not concerned with the affairs of mortals, where as it seems that Berkeley uses god as an answer when he is unable to explain something. Although, Lucretius says that nature is responsible for the arrangement and combination of atoms. Wouldn't this suggest that nature is similar to a divinity? or is nature, which is only matter and space, the wall that separates the gods from mortals. Motivated by an animosity towards theological belief, Lucretius seems to take a much more scientific approach. One can not completely dismiss Berkeleys' views for, as Montague would say, there is obviously more going on than meets the eye.

Deudas, mal crédito, bancarrota y efectos migratorios

Deudas, mal crà ©dito, bancarrota y efectos migratorios Al iniciar un trmite migratorio como, por ejemplo, una peticià ³n de familiar o naturalizacià ³n para obtener la ciudadanà ­a americana es comà ºn preguntarse si las deudas pendientes, un mal crà ©dito o la bancarrota  pueden afectar negativamente a la solicitud. La razà ³n de esa preocupacià ³n nace, por una parte, del requisito de tener una situacià ³n situacià ³n econà ³mica saneada para solicitar ciertos beneficios migratorios, como por ejemplo la peticià ³n de cà ³nyuge, hijos, hermanos o padres y, por otro, porque cierto tipo de deudas impide que salgan adelante peticiones migratorias.   Por su importancia, en este artà ­culo se explica en quà © casos y  cà ³mo esas situaciones pueden afectar a los casos migratorios, destacando en primer lugar cuando son irrelevantes y, en segundo lugar, cuando sà ­ se tienen en cuenta a la hora de decidir si se aprueba o no una peticià ³n migratoria. Adems, se seà ±alan quà © beneficios recibidos del gobierno se consideran carga pà ºblica y, por lo tanto, afectan negativamente y, por otro lado, cules se pueden recibir sin problemas porque no tienen consecuencias migratorias. Casos en los que las deudas y mal crà ©dito no tienen consecuencias migratorias Si se tiene una deuda por no pagar, por ejemplo, a la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de telà ©fono, una deuda privada, la factura de un mà ©dico, etc, no tiene generalmente efectos ni consulares ni migratorios negativas. Es decir, no afecta a lo que se resuelve con respecto a la peticià ³n. Y ello es asà ­ porque se considera que son asuntos civiles. Lo mismo sucede con el mal crà ©dito. En el caso de peticiones para un familiar de la tarjeta de residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como  green card,  lo que importa es que el solicitante tenga ingresos y/o patrimonio  suficientes y demostrables para cubrir las obligaciones del affidavit of support, tambià ©n conocido como declaracià ³n de sostenimiento. Si tiene mal crà ©dito o deuda pendiente, es irrelevante. Casos en los que las malas finanzas sà ­ tienen efectos migratorios Cuando la deuda se convierte en un asunto penal, como por ejemplo, en una estafa u otros semejantes entonces sà ­ que tiene efectos migratorios y puede ser causa para que nieguen visas, peticiones de residencia permanente o de ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. Tambià ©n puede ser una causa para que se impida en el control de paso migratorio  el ingreso a Estados Unidos de un extranjero. Si la deuda es con la Hacienda de Estados Unidos (IRS), tambià ©n es un problema que hay que resolver antes de iniciar los trmites con inmigracià ³n o los consulados. Si la deuda es mà ©dica y el importe de la factura lo pagà ³ Medicaid, tambià ©n puede ser muy problemtico si se considera que fue un caso de carga pà ºblica. Por ejemplo, si una mujer extranjera tiene a un bebà © en Estados Unidos y no paga por el parto y luego se regresa a su paà ­s, tanto esa mam como el pap el bebà © pueden perder la visa de turista. Con el agravante de que no hay forma de salirse de este problema en concreto. Si se trata de una deuda por no pagar pensià ³n alimenticia (child support), segà ºn las circunstancias del caso puede tener como consecuencia que no se pueden obtener visas americanas, ni la residencia permanente y la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. Y, en casos extremos, puede dar lugar incluso a la deportacià ³n. Incluso, dependiendo del monto de la deuda, los ciudadanos americanos pueden encontrase con que no pueden sacar el pasaporte y, por lo tanto, no pueden viajar internacionalmente. Destacar que el child support puede ser solicitado no sà ³lo para nià ±os que viven en Estados Unidos sino tambià ©n en el caso de residir en otros paà ­ses cuando tienen a al menos el padre o la madre viviendo en Estados Unidos. En estos casos, tener en cuenta que  la Embajada americana en el paà ­s de residencia del menor no puede ayudar en estos casos. La razà ³n es que este es un tema de los estados,  no del gobierno federal. Algunos paà ­ses, como  Mà ©xico, tienen firmados acuerdos de reclamo de pensià ³n alimenticia con varios estados.  En los casos en los que no hay tales acuerdos y se desea exigir el pago de dicha pensià ³n, contactar con la agencia de  child support  del estado en el que vive el pap o la mam. O contratar a un  abogado en dicho estado. Adems, tener en cuenta que el tener un pap que es estadounidense  no da automticamente derecho a adquirir la ciudadanà ­a americana  cuando se nace fuera de los Estados Unidos. Adems  que en el caso de reclamar pensiones de alimentos en el caso de nià ±os nacidos fuera de matrimonio primero es necesario  establecer legalmente la filiacià ³n. Quà © beneficios son considerados como una carga pà ºblica Uno de los requisitos legales para ser admisible a los Estados Unidos es no ser considerado una carga pà ºblica. Y es que por esta causa se pueden negar un amplio abanico de peticiones o solicitudes migratorias como, por ejemplo, una  visa no inmigrante o una visa inmigrante o el ajuste de Estatus o para adquirir la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. Se considera que es una carga pà ºblica haber recibido del gobierno beneficios monetarios como, por ejemplo, el Suplemento de Ingresos de Seguridad (SSI, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), o Asistencia Temporal a Familias en Necesidad  (TANF, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Destacar que estos beneficios pueden recibir otros nombres dependiendo del estado. Por ejemplo,   en California al programa TANF se le conoce como CalWorks. Finalmente, tener en cuenta que la regla general sobre los efectos migratorios de recibir beneficios considerados como carga pà ºblica tiene importantes excepciones. Por ejemplo, asilados y refugiados pueden recibir TANF y SSI sin problemas. Quà © beneficios no se consideran carga pà ºblica Se puede recibir del gobierno sin problemas WIC para infantes y embarazadas, cupones o estampillas de alimentos, que en California reciben el nombre de Calfresh. Asimismo, se puede aceptar ayuda a la vivienda o para guarderà ­as, Headstar o Medicaid para menores. En otras palabras, recibir este tipo de  beneficios no perjudica a peticiones o solicitudes migratorias que se realicen despuà ©s. Quà © hacer si se tiene una deuda con posibles consecuencias migratorias Si se tienen dudas sobre si una deuda puede afectar negativamente a una peticià ³n migratoria, antes de presentarla es recomendable contactar con un abogado de buena reputacià ³n o con una organizacià ³n de apoyo legal a migrantes para determinar si realmente tiene impacto migratorio y, en caso afirmativo, decidir quà © pasos tomar.   Generalmente en estos casos, lo ms recomendable es contactar con la agencia encargada del cobro de la deuda (collection agency  en inglà ©s) e intentar llegar a un acuerdo sobre la cantidad a pagar y los plazos para hacerlo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Systems Development Lifecycle essays

Systems Development Lifecycle essays XYZ Ceramic Supply is a growing company in the arts and craft supply industry, which consist of three stores located in Northern California. XYZ Ceramic Supply is a small company with a limited budget, and is growing fast, they are eager to rectify their existing problems through the use of automation. Currently all reports, purchases, accounts receivable, accounts payable and payroll functions are done manually, leaving a large margin for error. Problem track incoming parts. Accounts receivable and accounts payable department are having a very difficult time keeping accurate records manually and expeditiously. Due to existing system, the company has no idea what its existing inventory is composed of at each of its three locations. Technical feasibility Installing a network system in all locations make tracking inventory possible. Operational feasibility Project can be placed into operation since operation will be able to use it. Schedule feasibility Other companies using similar network have thrived. Economic feasibility In long run will lower costs. A test database will be designed, which will include menus and screens. A demonstration and sample data will be provided to the XYZ Ceramic Supply staff, in order to ensure that all specifications have been met. After management and staff have closely analyzed and reviewed the demonstration and sample data, a signature of approval will be required by the companys designated representative. This phase will be frozen once the signature has been authorized and any changes after this stage can result in a substantial increase in the firm fixed price and may change the schedule of completion date. The new system will do the following: Determine location of all parts for all three stores. Maintain all payroll functions. M...

Sanctuary Reports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sanctuary Reports - Essay Example Besides demonstrating loyalty and dedication to God, synagogue acts as a symbol of Jewish unity. It is a religious center and going there enables people to meet. It binds Jews together, hence facilitating unity among them. The Jewish community ascribes to one religion, i.e. the Judaism. Religious leaders in synagogues teach elements of Judaism thus joining people into one faith. Through such aspect, Jews find themselves united and loyal to what they believe. Synagogue connects Jews to divine powers and enables them to develop a personal relationship with God. Each person participates in rituals such as cleaning of hands when entering, bowing down in worship among other rituals. There is an individual commitment to perform these rituals hence promoting personal relationship with the creator. It is therefore a crucial tradition in Jewish culture that each Jew maintains from generation to another. Parents introduce their children to this religious practice at their early age. They grow up knowing the significance of attending regular services at the synagogue. There are various symbols in the synagogue with different meanings of Jewish religion. They include the ark, the scroll, Bimah, lights, inscriptions and the pulpit among other symbols. Each symbol plays a significant role in the synagogue. They make the purpose of the synagogue, complete by aiding in the performance of major rituals. Some are used by religious leaders while others are utilized by the whole congregation. Synagogue ark is different from the ark that is put in the temple. The later is only accessible to the high priest at a specific time, i.e. day of atonement. The ark in the synagogue is accessible to all Jews and is a place where they keep the scroll of Torah which contains the law. It is a safe place where the scroll is kept and cannot be damaged. This implies how valuable Torah scroll is

Merchant Trade Around the World During World Colonization Research Paper - 2

Merchant Trade Around the World During World Colonization - Research Paper Example The movement’s â€Å"diversification and lack of centralized leadership† strengthened their ability to survive whenever they were persecuted (King, Bays and Foster xv-xvi). Leonard Howell, who is known to establish the Pinnacle, a commune where his followers lived, forming a community, was just one of the first preachers of Rastafari, who returned to Jamaica in the midst of an upsurge of Revivalism after being discharged from Panama to join the U.S. Army Transport Service as a cook was a defiant anticolonialist. â€Å"He is said to have encouraged or threatened peasants not to pay taxes† (Chevannes 121-122). In 1932, he encouraged Jamaicans to reject the authority of the King of England and to give their loyalties to the new emperor of Ethiopia, selling pictures of Haile Selassie as future passports to Ethiopia. He was arrested, together with his deputy for breaking Jamaica’s sedition laws and sentenced to two years of hard labour, and his deputy to one ye ar(King, Bays and Foster xv-xvi). According to Ennis B. Edmonds and Michelle A. Gonzalez, â€Å"the rise of a new generation of Rastafarian artists †¦ Artists†¦have focused the critical eye of Rastafari on continued inequities and exploitation in Jamaican society†¦ It has grown from small beginnings to become a religion known and embraced around the world.† The movement spread to other countries because people, particularly students from other places such as the Caribbean islands who study in Jamaica brought Rastafari to their own countries while Jamaican students who study in other countries like Barbados, Trinidad, Cuba and other countries shared their belief and convictions, together with their reggae music.

Dreams and its Interpretation Essay Example for Free

Dreams and its Interpretation Essay We have always been fascinated with dreams. Numerous theories on the subject have been proposed since the early Greek period attempting to explain the nature and purpose of dreams. During the ancient times, dreams are believed to be inspiration from the gods. That it, the gods uses dreams to communicate their messages and their warnings. The Scripture alone has a large amount of anecdotes expressing the Christian belief on dreams and these beliefs differ on a very little scale with that of the beliefs of the ancient Greeks and Egyptians (Brill, 1922). Passing on from the ancient times, beliefs regarding the nature of dreams have varied little in terms of its religious aspect. But it was not until the late nineteenth century that psychology began to offer a new insight on the subject of dreams. It would be an enormous feat to discuss the various theories regarding dreams and its analysis and interpretation but perhaps it is more than helpful to discuss first the dream process before attempting to look at its analysis and interpretation. According to Auld, Hyman, and Rudzinski (2005), â€Å"the dream gives expression to unconscious forces in a much more direct way than other mental contents do† (p. 185). As it is, dreams only happen when one is asleep. When asleep, the sleeper/dreamer stops actions directed toward the outside world allowing some thoughts and feelings penetrate the mind more freely than when the dreamer is awake. These thoughts and feelings now constitute the dream content. Most dream contents consist of the dreamer’s memories of events of his waking life, usually experiences of the day preceding the dream and conflicts from early childhood that are repressed, and therefore unconscious even in sleep. Dreams become an instrument for the expression and fulfilment for these unconscious conflicts (Auld, Hyman, Rudzinski, 2005). However, these unconscious conflicts and preconscious day residues are not just simply represented into dreams. The dreamer first translates these thoughts and memories into visual images which are then represented by a series of images as they enter the dreamer’s consciousness. The dreamer remembers and reports verbally this series of images. This report is called the manifest dream while the psychological structure from which the manifest dream was developed is called the latent dream. Freud calls this process as the dream-work (the changing of the latent dream into the manifest dream) (Freud, 1920). Freud explains that to be able to interpret the dream, that is, to fully recover the latent dream thoughts as fully as possible, one must get the dreamer to give association to each element of the manifest dream (this is what is called the free-association). He further explains that the manifest dream is a distorted version of the latent dream, not only because thoughts and feelings had to be translated into visual imagery but also because repressive forces of the personality were active and brought about a disguising and censoring transformation material. Freud referred to this as censorship. Other psychological operations involved in the dream-work are condensation, symbolism, dramatization, and secondary revision. In condensation, a single image in the manifest dream can represent several images in the latent dream. Manifest dreams are often represented through symbolism, wherein the elements present in the manifest dream represent the elements present in the latent dream. Dramatization refers to the manner in which the dreamer’s thoughts and feelings are represented through concrete pictorial representations. Finally, the dream elements that are contradictory and of disparate origin, are rearranged in its final manifest form comprehensible to the dreamer. This is referred to as the secondary revision. Once understood, these psychological operations can aid in the interpretation of dreams (Alperin, 2004). REFERENCES: Alperin, R. M. (2004). Toward an integrated understanding of dreams. Clinical Social Work Journal, 32(4), 451-469. Auld, F. , Hyman, M. , Rudzinski, D. (2005). Resolution of inner conflict: An introduction to psychoanalytic therapy (2nd ed. ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Brill, A. A. (1922). Psychanalysis: Its theories and practical application. London: WB Saunders Co. Freud, S. (1920). A general introduction to psychoanalysis. New York: Horace Liveright.

Method :: essays research papers

Method Participants   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were 32 (22 female and 10 male) participants in this word recall experiment. Participants were of traditional and nontraditional college-age. The participants were from various academic majors; however, all participants were currently enrolled in one of three sections of an experimental psychology course. All of the experimental psychology students taking part in this experiment had previously completed a course in general psychology and psychological statistics earning a grade of â€Å"C† or better. The participants took part in the experiment as a learning experience for the class. Materials   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The experiment took place in a traditional classroom setting. Participants sat at one of three long tables, positioned in a u-shape, facing the front of the room. There was also a row of smaller desks behind the tables in which participants could sit. The experimenter used a series of 24 PowerPoint slides, which informed the participants of their role in the experiment. Consent forms were passed out to each participant. The consent form described how the experiment was not mandatory; therefore anyone wishing not to participate could simply return their consent form and exit the room. Additionally, number â€Å"2† pencils were given to any participant who did not have one of their own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Gateway 2000 (E-1000) computer equipped with Microsoft PowerPoint was used to generate the slides. The slides were displayed on a Gateway 2000 35’ diagonal color computer monitor. The monitor was placed on top of a portable TV stand, positioned in the front of the room. Thirty words were used on the presentation slide. Fifteen of the words used were concrete words such as cat, string, and butter. The other fifteen words used were abstract words like pride, honor, and truth. The words on the presentation slide were set up into 3 columns of 10 words, each alternating between concrete and abstract. The words on the slides were white with a black background to ensure that all participants could easily view the slides. Arial font with a 32-point size was used. All text was in upper case letters, also for easier viewing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concrete and abstract words were chosen from a list of 925 words featured in Pavio, Yuille & Madigan (1968). The concreteness of all 925 words had been determined by asking subjects to rate the words on a likert scale of (1-7) (1= not very concrete, 7 = very concrete). The concrete words were composed of words with a concreteness value â€Å"C† of 6.

Kumdo in Korea

This martial art technique rooted way back 2000 years ago at the time of the early Three Kingdoms period – Shilla, Plahae, and Koryo.   In those times, sword bearing is a way of life, they follow every rules religiously and conduct their daily lives with strictly disciplined and moral manners. Through the use of sword the above dynasties have expanded their respective territories especially during the 7th to 15th century.   Specifically, the Palhae Dynasty was found and ruled by the ex-Koguryo warrior class after the fall of Koguryo in 668 A.D. After the fall of the unified three Kingdoms, the warrior class was just limited to state military who refined and developed the art under the name of â€Å"Ghihuck-Gum.† In 1896, Ghihuck-Gum was chosen to be the compulsory training requirement for the newly founded police academy.   From there on, Kumdo, the modern amalgamation of â€Å"the art of the sword† and â€Å"the way of righteousness† from the Taoist philosophy, was developed to be practiced by some as a sport and by others as a means of character development or spiritual refinement (U.S. Hwa Rang Kwan, 2006). In the 20th century, Kumdo used the bamboo sword and lightweight armor used in Japanese Kendo.   The population of people studying this technique grows very fast as the availability of the practice armor and sword made Kumdo flooded the market.   It made the technique more popular. What is Kumdo â€Å"Kumdo† means â€Å"sword way†.   It is the Korean counterpart of Japanese Kendo.   The current technique uses â€Å"juk do†(4 split bamboo sword) and the â€Å"ho goo†(the head and body gear), which began in 18th century. With â€Å"juk do† and â€Å"ho goo† the art of Kum Do took a surprising turn in its style. Allowing more experimentation without injury, the style became more effective by allowing stronger and deadlier blow without a considerable and extensive swing of the sword. The present form that combines of the inner strength (much signified by a scream from within â€Å"ki†), the absolute and unbounded swing of the sword(â€Å"kum†), and use of one's lower back and body(â€Å"chae†) was recently perfected. This is known as â€Å"ki-kum-chae.† Thus in tournaments one does not receive a point, although striking the opponent successfully, if the blow is not accompanied by all three components of â€Å"ki-kum-chae.†(Chang, 2006) The purpose of Kumdo can be summarized as: Mental and Physical Discipline Spiritual Discipline and Awakening Improved Technique Through Practice Discipline Based Upon the Spirit of Hwarang (Hwarang Ogae) Kundo practioners wear the same uniform as those who practice Kendo.   But there are many who are willing to use or vary the uniform including the color and accessories.   In Korea, practioner wear black trim and stripes on theur hakama instead of blue and this became popular in many dojos around the world. Like Kendo, Kundo has also 10 forms, removing sonkyo bow and using Korean names and terminologies instead.   Kumdo practitioners can compete in kendo tournaments.   There are a total of 400,000 practioners of Kumdo in Korea alone and is ranked as second most popular martial arts in Korea, next to Taekwondo. Origin Of Kumdo This technique originated in Korea but these art was admitted to be a direct interpretation of its Japanese counterpart – Kendo (â€Å"Ken† means sword and â€Å"do† means way) In fact, some of the early founders of this technique says that there is totally no difference between the two form of art. It should be understand that these similarities in technique in the two techniques can be rooted to the history of Korea. The annihilation of Japan to all the documents and historical artifacts of Korea including all the written documents about Korean Martial Arts have made it difficult for the Korean people and martial arts practioners to trace the original techniques of the Korean sword that originated way back in 4th century.  Ã‚   It is said to be composed of twenty-five poses and postures that would result in the immediate defeat of the opponent. Kumdo as an Art Just like any other martial arts techniques, Kumdo can be considered as an art because it has a very rich and deeply rooted technique that was developed because of the interesting classical traditional, religions, philosophies and meditation techniques from Korea. A martial art like Kumdo is an art but not an art form.   It is a skill acquired by experience, study and observation.   Also, it is something that can be enjoy and participate of any people from all walks of life.   But again, it is, first and foremost, an art of self defense. Although there are people that are motivated to study this because of the self-defense benefit of the technique but to appreciate the beauty and art that is inextricably intertwined in this (Orlando, 1997) It is an art because it has so many different artistic aspects. Just like dances, it has timing and rhythm. It has movements that can be used in dancing.   Just like in painting where artist mixed colors to produced art, it is the same thing with Kumdo, it is an infusion of classical traditional, religions, philosophies and meditation techniques. Spiritual Aspect of Kumdo Kumdo has three level of mastery and one of them is the spiritual alignment of a person.   Under this the limitations of physical body and mind merges through meditation techniques.   The mind is silenced through the refined focus and the sword is used solely as a tool to link the body and the mind with the infinite. (Shaw, 2000) It brings peace of mind and self-confidence and a disciplined and healthy mind. Through training, a person will have an honest self-examination or spiritual awakening. Ranking System and Ability Level Ranking in Kumdo Kyu from 10 to 1: jukyu, kukyu, hachikyu, nanakyu, rokyu, gokyu,yonkyu, sankyu, nikkyu, ikkyu.   Dan from 1 to 9: shodan, nidan, sandan, yondan, godan, rokudan,nanadan, hachidan, kudan.   Teaching certificates from lowest to highest: renshi, kyoshi, hanshi. The older schools (koryu) did not have dan ranks – they are a moderninvention. Instead, they used certificates ofmerit. There is virtually no standardization or commonality. Two common termsare menkyo-kaiden, referring to†graduates†, and kirigami for a first rank. Many ryu consider the ranks aslevels of initiation which have noparallel to dan and kyu. Still others broke the ranks down simply as studentand teacher, of possibly various levels. There are three levels in Kumdo 1.Physical Mastery – The students becomes expert in the physical aspect of the art.   These include understanding correct sword etiquette, mastery of the stances, and proper techniques in drawing and moving with the sword. 2.Mental Mastery –   The second level witnesses the Kumdo practitioner beginning to rise above the objective techniques of the sword. The Kumdo technician no longer needs to contemplate whether or not he is in the correct stance or unsheathing the sword efficiently. Through long periods of practice, all movements have become natural and there is no unnecessary thought given to them (Shaw, 2000) 3.Spiritual Alignment –   in this level the practitioner learn to make his physical body and mind work as one through the use of meditation technique. References Chang, Soon (2006) What is Kumdo?. U.S Hwa Rang Kwan. Retrieved on December 17, 2006 http://www.kumdo.com. Shaw, Scott (2000) Kumdo the Korean Art of Sword. Retrieved on December 17, 2006. http://www.scottshaw.com/kumdo.html Orlando, Bob (1997) Martial Arts America: A Western   Approach to Eastern Arts. California. Frog Ltd. ;

Joseph Campbell: The Power of Myth

Hardness Questions: The Power of Myth Chapters 1-3 1. Myth reveals spiritual truth about the world. Why read myths? You need myths to find your truth. You have elaborate myths to compare to everyday experiences and to other myths. â€Å"Myths give a meaning to life (Campbell, 5). Mythology is a collection of stories based on one's knowledge and stories of experience. Myths are clues to life meaning. They are clues to â€Å"spiritual potentialities† or your potential to develop spiritually and finding your inner self.For example, marriage creates a transformation In us spiritually because It transforms our perspective of ourselves and our ability to sacrifice. 2. Do people ultimately seek knowledge or experience? In your opinion which is more Important In the 21st century? People ultimately seek experience. They believe seeking experience is their true meaning of life. They want something to remember and something to live for and at the same time we do this to resonate from ou r Inner self because from experience we gain knowledge.This could be a reason many of the 21st century go towards their quest for experience and not knowledge. . What is Campbell definition of â€Å"consciousness†? How does this consciousness define the role of mythology In our world? Campbell says that consciousness is something that the mind uses to guide you to a certain direction or towards a set of purposes. Consciousness is all your thoughts at a deeper level and your awareness or perception of your surroundings. Your consciousness depends on your level of energy that leads us to higher level consciousness. What leads you to these levels of consciousness?Myth. Mythology transforms your consciousness on a deeper level and to a higher spiritual level. You can not develop your consciousness without mythology 4. How does the modern Western world relate to myths? The modern world developments are myths. The example of machines is a prime relation (Campbell, 24) but they tend to take over our idea of what's true. The modern world has rejecting myths and everything about them including the fact that nature surrounds the whole concept. Modern world has a mindset that everything Is about you, which rejects mythology spiritual messages. How do we live without myths and why does Campbell claim that America is moving too quickly to become mythologies? Are these two concepts related? When you live without myths you have to figure out life by yourself. That is why America is moving too quickly to be mythologies. As Campbell would say we are focused on â€Å"news of the day' and â€Å"problems of the hour† (Campbell, 1). We lose connection to the meaning to culture and the knowledge of life. These concepts are related because it explains America's slow self-destruction without myths. Chapter 2 1 .Why do myths reflect what we know inside is true? How do myths then help us with â€Å"the public dream? Myths reflect what inside is true because we all come from the same place we go through similar life experiences. We all grow and develop. Myth also comes from our dreams. Campbell describes dream by saying, â€Å"†¦.. A dream that talks about permanent conditions within your own psyche as they relate to the temporal conditions of your life right now. † (Campbell, 47). Your dreams truly reflect your inner self and are Just spiritual information about yourself. Your dreams are myths, personal myths.The Public dream is society without its corrupt ways and its lack of mythological knowledge. Myth helps correct this because it is society dream and it unites society. That one place is having a dream and when you are on the correct path you are finding your reason and your inner self. . Why are the world's creation stories so similar? The world's creation stories are so similar because of the similar environment and the basic experiences of birth, growth, temptations, and death. This creates a sense of curiosity where we ask â₠¬Å"how? † and â€Å"why? † and some record their thoughts.These records reflect mythical reality. The same concept of nothing, paradise, and distance from the creator. Cultures like Christianity, Sari tribes of West Africa, and the Pimp Indians. 3. What is a metaphor and how does it operate in religion? How does metaphor assist one with the â€Å"Journey inward†? A metaphor is a comparison that suggests something else. In religion, Campbell says that the metaphors used are not literal. It was a metaphor and in his definition metaphors are not to be taken literally. Myths are written in a way to be discovered and unknown so it is able to awaken your inner self.It is deeper that what most people have been interpreting it as. People may believe that Campbell was undermining Christianity when he said Jesus never really ascended into heaven when in fact he was Just cracking the code. It was a metaphor. Society problem is that we don't use connotation to interpret meta phors and myths, but use denotation. . How do myths help us to connect to the spiritual world? Myths and religion share the same qualities. Myths help connect to the spiritual world. â€Å"The myth is for spiritual instruction† (Campbell, 59). Myths help us relate to other spiritual reticence.Campbell uses the example to reincarnation and now it ties into other concepts of religion also, â€Å"†¦. Dimensions of your being and a potential for realization and consciousness that are not included with the concept of yourself. † (Campbell,70). In religion, you come out a new person spiritually because of experience Just like in myth. 5. Why is good and evil promoted in mythology? Discuss the purpose of good and evil in your response. Good and evil are promoted in mythology because of duality and characteristics of life. Many have come to a closed, biased mindset that everything should be good and nothing should be evil.Some people's idea of evil could be another's idea of good. There is no true definition of â€Å"good† and what is â€Å"evil† because we all contribute to it when we live life. We do need evil without evil there is no duality. They must coincide with one another. Chapter 3 1 . What do our souls owe to ancient myths? Myths from ancient times help with transcendence and understanding our fears and yeastier of life. It complements the mind and body on a track controlled by nature because we tend to become astray as we venture through life. Ancient times have the same human development as today.We grow up being taught certain things and how to be dependent then as we grow older we have to transcend into maturity and learn to become independent. Campbell says, â€Å"†¦. Myth has to serve both aims, that of inducting a young person into the life of his world-that's the function of the folk idea- then disengaging him. † (Campbell, 87). Myths open up ideas that lead up to your inner life. Ancient myths also give us rituals. This gives us a larger idea of life instead of what we see it as. It helps us understand the mysteries greater than us.How are men and women initiated into adulthood differently? Once initiated, is there room in modern society for negotiation of responsibility? Men are to be put into manhood automatically and must learn how to provide, seek, and act as society tells them to be. Man is formed by society. Women on the other hand give life, they are life. As Campbell says, â€Å"the girl becomes a woman with her first menstruation† (Campbell, 104). He says this to point out that woman is formed by nature. I think man has to work for their manhood while woman Just become a woman by control of nature.The woman gives and nurses without effort, while man has to work for his greater being. 2. How has religious instruction become â€Å"obsolete† to many people today? (focus on idea of ritual) Rituals help people grow and develop into appropriate individuals in socie ty. Today they have been ostracizes and are not followed correctly. As Campbell says it perfectly it is now â€Å"dumped down† and â€Å"lacks of substance† (Campbell, 104). Myths help us understand things that are more prominent than ourselves. We must enders an the overall picture bettor we truly understand ourselves.

Anxiety Mother and Anxiety Attacks Essay

Anxiety Mother and Anxiety Attacks Essay Anxiety: Mother and Anxiety Attacks Essay I Believe in †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. I cannot believe this, what I am doing, this is just so crazy. After so many years of having and still learning to live with anxiety attacks, how do I put in words to describe how it feels to have one? I simply say to people if I could describe in words how or what I feel, I most definitely would not be suffering from this right now. Unless you have had one you cannot judge a person. I am living proof, and just looking at me you would never know anything was even different. It all started one day back in 1993, there I was a nineteen years old, entering that new place we adults call â€Å"Life† and you older teens call â€Å"Freedom†, as a single teen mother of a two and a half year old little boy, living at home with a overbearing mother and if that wasn’t enough I was about to enter my first year at the local community college, my stress was at a all-time high that I’d ever exhibited in my young life. It all started this one day, a day that seemed just like it was an ordinary Thursday, however, it ended up being a day that I would never forget or be able to change for the rest of my life! I remember it like it was yesterday. I believe this was the second worst day of my existence. It’s going to sound funny where I was of all places on a â€Å"night out† to relax with the girls, where else but at Bingo with 2 of my other â€Å"teen mom† friends. There we are setting up our bingo cards, and BOOM, out of nowhere, my chest starts to tighten, I can’t catch my breathe, my mind starts to race, my palms are all sweaty. I’m thinking to myself. â€Å"What is going on? Am I having a heart attack? Am I dying? I’m only nineteen I’m to young to die; please this cannot be happening. I still have my whole life ahead of me. My son needs me to raise him, I’m just starting college.† I tried to remain calm but that was not happening so I decided to tell my friends that something was wrong with me. They had noticed I wasn’t acting my usual bubbly self, but was not sure what was going on. I tried to explain but that only made it worse. I was so grateful that one of my friends had experience with my illness and knew exactly how to help me, as her sister suffered from the same thing. She told me to try and remain calm while she called my mother to come and get me. When I got home, I continued feeling ill, and to me, I just seemed to be getting sicker by the moment. My mother was being very uncompassionate which was making me feel even more vulnerable to my symptoms. After nearly two hours, I still was not getting any better so I decided it was time to go to the emergency room. When I arrived the doctors were familiar with what I was experiencing, which made me feel a little bit calmer at the time. They gave me some medication to help me with my situat ion and referred me to a doctor that could better help me for future care. When I did end up getting home from the hospital needless to say, it was a very long sleepless night; I could not wait to call the doctors to get help with my new found problem. Seeing as I did not get any sleep I was already wide awake when the office opened and after I explained to them what I had been through the night before they made an emergency appointment for me. I met with a psychologist named Connie Clark she was such a nice lady. I went into detail with her what had entailed the night before, she explained to me that what I went through was not uncommon, and to not feel weird or out of place. A lot of people go through this and considering all that I had going on in my life could be a good reasons why I suddenly starting getting these. People learn to live with them and cope, and then some people let them overcome their life, which one would I be is the question? On that day she prescribed me some medications that would help me cope and keep my mind focused for the ti me and made weekly follow up appointments with her. The next few days were crucial

September Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays

September Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays From the first-known copyright that was granted in Venice in 1486 to the publishing of the first book on the Gutenberg printing press, September is a historically significant month in many ways, including famous birthdays like  Michael Faraday, the inventor of the electric motor. Whether youre looking for what happened on this day in history or trying to find famous figures who share your September birthday, plenty of great things happened in September. Many of the people and inventions on the list below are science and technology-based, but a few influential pop culture icons have been thrown into the mix, too. Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights Explore the patents, trademarks, and copyrights that were granted on each day throughout the month of September to find what famous invention shares your birthday. The candlestick, for instance, was patented on September 8, 1868, by William Hinds while the hand controller video game was patented on September 29, 1998,   September 1 1486: The first known copyright was granted in Venice. September 2 1992: The Southern California Gas Company purchased the first motor vehicles powered by natural gas. September 3 1940: A patent for the production of diuretics was obtained by Bockmuhl, Middendorf, and Fritzsche. September 4 1888:  George Eastman patented the roll film camera for Kodak. September 5 1787: The constitutional clause concerning patents and copyrights was adopted by the Constitutional Convention in 1787. September 6 1988: The Combined Cap and Baseball Mitt Patent Number 4,768,232 was granted. September 7 1948: Patent Number 2,448,908 was granted to Louis Parker for a television receiver. His intercarrier sound system is now used in all television receivers in the world, and without it, TV receivers would not work as well and would be more costly. September 8 1868: William Hinds patented a candlestick.1994: Microsoft gave Windows 95 its new name. Previously, the operating system had been referred to by its code name of Chicago. September 9 1886: Ten countries, not including the U.S., joined the Berne Convention for the protection of literary and artistic works. September 10 1891: The song Ta-Ra-Ra-Boom-Der-E by Henry J. Sayers was registered.1977: Hamida Djandoubi, a Tunisian immigrant and convicted murderer, became the last person to date executed by the guillotine. September 11 1900: A motor vehicle patent was granted to Francis and Freelan Stanley. September 12 1961: Patent Number 3,000,000 was granted to Kenneth Eldredge for an automatic reading system for utilities. September 13 1870: Patent Number 107,304 was granted to Daniel C. Stillson for the improved monkey wrench. September 14 1993: The Simpsons television show was registered by Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. September 15 1968:  An Wang obtained a patent for a calculating apparatus, a basic component of computer technology. September 16 1857: The words and music to the famous Christmas song Jingle Bells were registered by Oliver Ditson and Company under the title One Horse Open Sleigh. September 17 1918: Elmer Sperry received a patent for the gyrocompass, essential to modern ship navigation. September 18 1915: Louisa May Alcotts book  Little Women (first published October 3, 1868) was registered.1984: Software Arts and VisiCorp settled their lawsuit over VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet program. VisiCalc, invented in 1979, was the first hot-selling software product for the personal computer. September 19 1876: Melville Bissell patented a carpet sweeper. September 20 1938: Patent Number 2,130,948 was granted for synthetic fiber (nylon) to Wallace Carothers. September 21 1993: A patent for Baseball Batting Apparatus, Patent Number 5,246,226, was granted. September 22 1992: The Poolside Basketball Game was granted Patent Number 5,149,086. September 23 1930: Johannes Ostermeier was issued a patent for the flash bulb used in photography. September 24 1877: Fire destroyed many models in the Patent Office, but the important records were saved.1852: A new invention, the dirigible or airship, was first demonstrated. September 25 1959: The song Do-Re-Mi from the Sound of Music by Rodger and Hammerstein was registered.1956: The first transatlantic telephone cable went into operation. September 26 1961: The patent for an aerial capsule (satellite) emergency separation device was obtained by Maxime Faget and Andre Meyer. September 27 1977: Anacleto Montero Sanchez received a patent for a hypodermic syringe. September 28 1979: The pilot episode of the TV series M*A*S*H was registered. September 29 1998: A hand controller for a video game was patented as Design Patent Number 398,938. September 30 1997: A roller skate was invented by Hui-Chin from Taiwan and received Patent Number 5,671,931.1452: The first book was published in Johann Gutenbergs printing press: The  Bible. September Birthdays From the birth of Ferdinand Porsche to that of the inventor of the first automobile, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot, September is the birth month of many famous scientists, inventors, and artists of all varieties. Find your September birthday twin and discover how their lives works helped change the world. September 1 1856: Sergei Winogradsky was a noted Russian scientist  who pioneered the cycle-of-life concept. September 2 1850: Woldemar Voigt was a noted German physicist  who developed the Voigt transformation in mathematical physics.1853: Wilhelm Ostwald was a German physical chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1909.1877: Frederick Soddy was a British chemist who won the Nobel Prize  for his work on radioactivity due to the transmutation of elements.1936: Andrew Grove was an American computer chip manufacturer. September 3 1875: Ferdinand Porsche was a German car inventor who designed the Porsche and Volkswagen cars.1905: Carl David Anderson was an American physicist who won the 1936 Nobel Prize  for  Physics for his discovery of  positron.1938: Ryoji Noyori was Japanese chemist and a Nobel Prize winner  in 2001 for the study of chirally catalyzed hydrogenations. September 4 1848:  Lewis H. Latimer  was an American inventor who drafted the patent drawings for Alexander Graham Bells application for the telephone, worked for Thomas Edison, and invented an electric lamp.1904:  Julian Hill  was a noted chemist who helped develop nylon.1913: Stanford Moore was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1977.1934: Clive Granger was a Welsh economist and Nobel Prize  winner  for his contributions to non-linear time series. September 5 1787: Franà §ois Sulpice Beudant was a French geologist who studied crystallization. September 6 1732: Johan Wilcke was a noted Swedish physicist.1766: John Dalton was a British physicist who developed the atomic theory of matter.1876: John Macleod was a Canadian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1923.1892: Edward V. Appleton was a noted British physicist who pioneered  radiophysics.1939: Susumu Tonegawa is a Japanese molecular biologist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for his discovery of the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity.1943: Richard Roberts was a British biochemist who won a Nobel Prize. September 7 1737:  Luigi Galvani  was a noted Italian physicist who made studies of the anatomy.1829: August Kekule von Stradonitz discovered the benzene ring.1836: August Toepler was a noted German physicist who experimented with electrostatics.1914: James Van Allen was an American physicist who discovered the Van Allen radiation belts.1917: John Cornforth was an Australian chemist who won the Nobel Prize. September 8 1888: Louis Zimmer was a famous Flemish  clockmaker.1918: Derek Barton was a British chemist who won a Nobel Prize in 1969. September 9 1941: Dennis Ritchie was a noted American computer scientist who created the  C programming language and the Unix operating system. September 10 1624: Thomas Sydenham was a noted English physician.1892: Arthur Compton was a noted American physicist  who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his 1923 discovery of the Compton effect of electromagnetic radiation.1898:  Waldo Semon  was an American inventor who invented vinyl.1941:  Gunpei Yokoi  is a Japanese inventor and video game designer for  Nintendo. September  11 1798: Franz Ernst Neumann was a noted German professor of mineralogy and physics who was an early researcher of optics.1816:  Carl Zeiss  was a German scientist and optician known for the lens manufacturing company he founded called Carl Zeiss.1877: Feliks Dzjerzjinski was the Lithuanian founder of the KGB.1894: Carl Shipp Marvel was an American polymer chemist who worked with temperature-resistant polymers called polybenzimidazoles. Marvel won the first ACS Award in Polymer Chemistry in 1964, the Priestley Medal in 1956, and the Perkin Medal in 1965. September 12 1818:  Richard Gatling  was the American inventor of a hand-cranked machine gun.1897: Irene Joliot-Curie was the daughter of Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for the synthesis of new radioactive elements. September 13 1755:  Oliver Evans  invented a high-pressure steam engine.1857:  Milton S. Hershey  was a famous chocolate manufacturer who started the Hershey candy company.1886: Sir Robert Robinson won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 for his researches in organic chemistry, and he also worked for the Shell Chemical Company.1887: Leopold Ruzicka won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his studies of natural substances, and he invented many of the scents for various perfumes. September 14 1698: Charles Francois de Cisternay DuFay was a French chemist who studied the force of repulsion, noting that most things could be electrified just by rubbing  them  and that materials conduct better when wet.1849: Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist known for Pavlovian responses; he won the Nobel Prize in 1904.1887: Karl Taylor Compton was an American physicist and atomic bomb scientist. September 15 1852:  Jan Matzeliger  invented the shoe-lacing  machine.1929: Murray Gell-Mann was the first physicist to predict quarks. September 16 1893: Albert Szent-Gyorgyi was a Hungarian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1937 for discovering vitamin C and the components and reactions of the citric acid cycle. September 17 1857: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was a pioneer in  rocket and space research.1882: Anton H. Blaauw was a Dutch botanist who wrote The Perception of Light. September 18 1907: Edwin M. McMillian won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1951 for discovering plutonium. He also had the idea for phase stability, which led to the development of the  synchrotron  and synchro-cyclotron. September 19 1902: James Van Alen invented the Simplified Scoring System for tennis. September 20 1842: James Dewar was a British chemist and physicist who invented the Dewar flask or thermos (1892) and co-invented a smokeless gunpowder called cordite (1889). September 21 1832: Louis Paul Cailletet was the French physicist and inventor who was the first to liquefy oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and air. September 22 1791:  Michael Faraday  was a British physicist and chemist who is best known for his discoveries of electromagnetic induction and the laws of electrolysis. His biggest breakthrough in electricity was his invention of the electric motor. September 23 1915:  John Sheehan  invented a method for the synthesis of penicillin. September 24 1870:  Georges Claude  was the French inventor of neon light. September 25 1725:  Nicolas Joseph Cugnot  invented the first automobile.1832: William Le Baron Jenney was the American architect considered the father of the skyscraper.1866: Thomas H. Morgan won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1933 for  discoveries  that defined  the role that the chromosome plays in heredity.   September 26 1754: Joseph Louis Proust was a French chemist best known  for his research work on the steadiness of composition of chemical compounds.1886: Archibald B. Hill was an English physiologist and pioneer of biophysics and operations research who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of heat and mechanical work in muscles. September 27 1913: Albert Ellis was an American psychologist who invented rational emotive behavior therapy.1925: Patrick Steptoe was the scientist who perfected in vitro fertilization. September 28 1852: Henri Moissan won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1906.1925: Seymour Cray was the inventor of the Cray I  supercomputer. September 29 1925: Paul MacCready was an American engineer who created the first human-powered flying machines and the first solar-powered aircraft to make sustained flights.   September 30 1802: Antoine J.  Ballard  was a French chemist who discovered bromine.1939: Jean-Marie P. Lehn is a French chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1987 for synthesizing cryptands.1943: Johann Deisenhofer is a biochemist who won the Nobel Prize  for  Chemistry in 1988 for determining the first crystal structure of a membrane protein.