Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay

Animal Farm by George Orwell was trying to show the dislike of communism. Because the old form of government end up being quiet similar to the new form. Orwell shows this by getting rid of Mr. Jones for mistreating the animals, and overtime Napoleon a pig comes to power, the same thing happened but with a different look. George Santayana wrote, â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. † This quote is similar to Orwell’s dislikes and the way he shows it in the book. Both the people and the animals forget the past and end up as before. The people are just thinking of getting freedom and the animals not being slaves but get the opposite. The animals like in page 73, which states, â€Å"All that year the animals worked like slaves. † This all adds to the tone of rebellious by the animals fighting in three battles to maintain their so called freedom, just like the people in WW2. In page 76 it states, â€Å"†¦had not these been among the earliest resolutions†¦. † â€Å"†¦. t least they thought that they remembered it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote show that the animals tried to remember about the seven commandments but they couldn’t, so they had to forget any kind of idea and move on. This adds more similes that make Santayana quote true. George Santayana quote helps the reader understand why the pigs take advantage of the other animals. Since they saw that the other animals were not as smart as them. With Orwell tone o f informative using actions and characters to represent a bigger picture in the world of political and to also express his theme adds a greater understanding to the story.

Сitybank NA

1.1. ORIGIN OF THE REPORTThis report is a Research Report prepared as a requirement for â€Å"Business Research† course of MBA Program of the Department of Management Studies, University of Dhaka. The primary goal of research report is to provide an opportunity to implement theoretical knowledge and conceptions in real life situation. All the things are reflect the objectives of the topic.Citibank N.A. is the number one foreign private bank in Bangladesh. In a relatively short period of time, it has become one of the industry's most powerful platforms for financial products and services. Citi Trade Services Unit is one of the large profit makers in Bangladesh during the Global Economic Crisis. In this report, we have focused on the level of customers’ satisfaction on its current Trade Operations.As a requirement for the Course no. 503 of the MBA program we need to submit this report, which includes an overview of the organization and elaboration of a project. The study is conducted and prepared under the guidance of my honorable course instructor Dr. Shahid Uddin Ahmed.1.2. TOPIC OF THE REPORTThe topic of the report is â€Å"The Insight of Customer Satisfaction Level on Trade Operation: Citibank, N.A. [Dhaka] Perspective.1.3. PLATFORM OF THE REPORT To analyze this topic we have chosen the â€Å"Trade Service Department of Citibank, N.A, Dhaka.† as a platform where we have done some analysis to fulfill the requirement of our research and to apply the theoretical knowledge in practical area.1.4. OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORTThis report is aimed to study the customer attitude and brand preferences on  trade operations of Citibank, N.A. and conduct an in-depth study to assess their satisfaction level. The other objectives are to give a brief view of the Citigroup, Citibank and its operations (particularly in Bangladesh) from the viewpoint of a neutral observer, to explore how Citi Trade service supports the export-import business of Bangladesh an d to give an idea about the products and procedures of Trade Operations of Citibank N.A. Bangladesh.The specific objectives behind conducting this study are as follows:The main focus of this study is to identify the potencies and problems of Citi Trade Services by analyzing both employees and customers.To figure out how an exporter/importer can be benefited by taking the support of Citi Trade Services from customer point of view.To analyze the customer approach and their level of satisfaction on trade operations.To find out the solutions to solve the problems with implementation strategies through which Citi Trade Service Management can draw attention to those problems.1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE REPORTThis report is significant, as it will help Citibank to determine the factors, which actually influence the customer to be satisfied to the organization and also the level of satisfaction. From this study, the Relationship Managers (RM) will get the benefit of the customers’ opini ons and based on that, the management will have the opportunity to adjust their â€Å"customer benefit† strategies. Thus Citibank will be able to give more customer service through their products. This report sheds light into areas of the banks trade operation where it needs to play some roles. And this study will help them in policy making of customer related benefits as a reference. The company can also have an in-depth understanding of customer approach on trade operations of Citibank,N.A.1.6. SCOPE OF THE REPORTThis report gives a narrative overview of the Citigroup, Citibank and its Trade operation in Bangladesh. And it also covered the regulatory framework under which export-import business and export-import banking is going on. This report covers the theoretical knowledge of courses of- Bank Management, Insurance and Risk management, International Trade, Management of Multinational Enterprises, Organization Behavior, Industrial Psychology, Marketing Management and Busi ness Communication and Computing Fundamentals for preparing report. Any development of Citibank thereafter is out of the scope of the report. This report explains the client satisfaction on trade operations. However, since various trade information are sensitive and confidential in nature such information is kept out of the report scope. The substance presented in this study are not be applicable anywhere outside Citibank, N.A and are not be used anywhere except University of Dhaka and Citibank, N.A.1.7. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThough we tried our level best to produce a comprehensive and well-organized report on â€Å"The Insight of Customer Satisfaction Level on Trade Operation: Citibank, N.A. [Dhaka] Perspective†. Some limitations were yet present. While conducting this research on Citibank, N.A., we have faced with some constrains which we think might interfere with the quality and accuracy of this report. For example:First and the main constraint of this report is Time s hortage. As we have submitted this report within very few days, it is very short time to make any research of an organization. The analysis is based on some limited data, so it has become difficult to draw a complete figure. The most elementary limitation of this study is the limited number of respondents interviewed. The objectives hold significant importance for the bank but the number of clients itself is small. The results can be justified further if the number of respondents can include all the present clients. While the clients were interviewed many of them were unwilling to talk freely.Some of the  respondents in my survey weren’t helpful; some of them weren’t honest in their opinions. Some information is confidential and the managers and officers do not provide that information. The official website doesn’t provide up-to-date information about some issues. There was lack of intellectual thought and analytical ability to make it the most perfect one. I have to offset with the quality due to time constraint.1.8. LAYOUT OF THE REPORTThe report is structured in the following ways:CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION- Deals with defining the topic and also the origin, reasons, platform and objectives of choosing the topic to prepare the report.CHAPTER-2: LITERATURE REVIEW- Gives some basic knowledge of trade, customer satisfaction and CRM which are used as basis for analyzing the report.CHAPTER-3: PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION – Presents an overview of the organization itself: Citibank N.A., Bangladesh. Starting from the global position of Citigroup, this part gradually comes down to describe the country operations of the bank.CHAPTER-4: CITI TRADE SERVICE- Covers various trade operations of Citibank N.A. Almost every aspect of trade operation procedures are described in this report that encompasses issues, which are practiced worldwide, but new for Bangladesh. The report has been presented in the way that a person can get an overall idea abo ut the trade operations of Citibank N.A. Bangladesh.CHAPTER-5: METHODOLGY OF RESEARCH- Data, sources, procedures and mechanism used to make survey for analytical part of the report.CHAPTER-6: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION- Covers mainly the analytical part of this report and also analyzing various issues on Citi trade Departments including SWOT analysis on overall trade service department. This also provides understanding of customer approach on trade operations of Citibank, N.A.CHAPTER-7: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION- To solve the problems regarding to Citi Trade Services, Bangladesh.

Simulation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Simulation plan - Essay Example The result shows that it is essential to develop training infrastructure before action, such as team pilot project, product development team, and product improvement team. In addition, majority of effective moves are based on the integration of departments, communication and vision of the organization. The most influential actions in the simulation include identification of the problem which garnered an overall effectiveness of 100% in timing and 80% effectiveness in method. Financial and competitiveness, which was done at the most effective time, had 100% time effectiveness. Other notable actions include stakeholder mapping that had an effectiveness level of 89% and timing at 93%, team training which was done first was also highly effective at 84%. Firing employees who resist change had 82% of good timing and 100% of effectiveness. This was the right decision. Training and mentoring new and existing team members is also good for a change and is 100% effective in timing and importance. Despite the positive outcomes of the game, there were steps that were problematic. Timing was the major determinant of success. The affected areas include; stakeholder mapping which should have been done before a core change team was identified, the current move is thus out of order. Development of the vision has 18% time effective and 60% effectiveness in action. Though product improvement is timed correctly, it is out of order since training infrastructure must be developed first. This also affected team pilot project and new product development team. Restructuring the firm into teams was out of order with a -50% timing effectiveness. This is because team training should have happened first. The overall score of the simulation game is 62%. This implies that right moves surpass the break-even point by 12%. The index can be improved by addressing the issues that pose a negative impact on the

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Final - Essay Example Interestingly, none of the cases were proved and as a result of that the company saved millions of dollars. On the contrary, some of the other food companies, whose outbreak of salmonella bacteria was confirmed, had to pay huge sums of money as a penalty in litigation. Moreover, it also resulted in a loss of market share for those companies. However, when it comes to Delectables, initially it was difficult to find the actual cause behind the quality issues of their manufactured foods. Another startling fact is that despite the presence of quality control director at the factory, the company is miserably failing to maintain a standard quality. In-depth analysis of the company has made it evident that there are large loop holes in the quality checking mechanism of Delectables. Nevertheless, the disturbing fact is the intentional breach of ethical guidelines by the supervisors (Jennings 279). On analyzing the scenario of the factory as well as the market reputation of the company, there is no way other than blowing whistle against the supervisors. Although this step is sure to hamper the relationship between myself and supervisors of the factory, but it is wise to save the life of customers and create a good reputation for the company in the market; rather than taking unethical approach. Moreover, my job responsibility is to increase the efficiency of the plant, save cost and improve plant operations, but that does not mean adopting unethical stance. I have asked myself whether I should take the side of unethical approach or should I perform by duty honestly, the only answer to this to carry out the duties and achieve excellence through hard work. My decision to blow the whistle is also supported by the theory proposed by Lilanthi Ravishankar. The author believes that internal whistle blowing can wonders to firms and is often highly effective (â€Å"Ravishankar†). In addition, the actual problems are identified easily and can be directly addressed result in a quicker and effective solution. It is believed that the decision to blow the whistle will actually satisfy several stakeholder groups of the company. The theory of stakeholders also supports this point of view. According to the traditional views, shareholders or the stockholders are the owners of the company and their prime interest is to increase the firm’s value irrespective of the impact on the external environment. However, the present stakeholder theory argues that a company has several stakeholder groups’ namely political groups, governmental bodies, trade union, trade association, employees, suppliers, customers, competitors and financier among others. Hence, from this theory it is evident that a minor flaw of the company could adversely affect each of these stakeholder groups. Therefore my decision to blow the whistle for the sake of saving the organization’s reputation and satisfying stakeholders is justified. However, there are several risks associa ted with whistle blowing. Some of the major ones are stated below: - One of the major risks of whistle blowing can be mistreatment. This mistreatment can be from both employees as well as the management of the company. The probability of mistreatment increases by the employees increases, if more than one employee is accused. In the similar way, the management of the company can mistreat the whistle blower if investigation is not kept internal by the assigned employee or

Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Climate Change - Essay Example By the records, prior to the advent of the industrial revolution, the levels of carbon dioxide were way lower than they are today (NASA, 2013). By the end of 2010, the levels of carbon dioxide stood at 389 parts per million as compared to 280 parts per million before the industrial revolution (Doyle, 2013). Records dating to as early as 1500 designate that there has been a steady increase in temperatures as Metz notes (Metz, 2010). Research carried out by UK and U.S based environmental research and scientific institutions show that since the late 1900’s, global average temperature has increased by 0.8 degrees (Hayward, 2014). This rate of increase might appear trifling but according to scientists, it is one of the strongest indicators of the rapid climatic changes happening on earth (Balonnof, 2013). In addition, scientists advise that if climatic change is not urgently addressed, by 2050, the rates of temperature increase should be expected to be between 2.6 and 4.5 degrees ( VOA, 2014). Another imperative statistic from scientists is the verity that there is an over 40% increase in the rates of carbon dioxide and alarmingly, half of this has occurred after the 1970’s (Braasch, 2013). 98% of scientists collectively agree that 98% of the climatic change (with much emphasis on global warming) is caused by human activities (Gleb, 2013). To what extent is the climatic change man-made? Some people have argued that climatic change should not be ascribed to human activities.

Risk and vulnerability Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Risk and vulnerability - Article Example At any rate, I try to change my passwords frequently, at least once a month. I try to use a unique password (a combination of numbers and letters, both uppercase and lowercase letters). It makes access difficult but not impossible against a determined hacker. I also keep duplicate files in separate storage just in case data is corrupted or infected with a virus. Buying the branded anti-virus software is also a good step towards protection (Gutwirth, 2009). If the data were compromised, I will try to retrieve my duplicate files stored somewhere else and avoid the same mistakes. 2. Assessing current vulnerabilities – any digital file or data is always subjected to risks no matter what one does to protect it. The best one can do is to mitigate or minimize these risks by doing some simple things like always backing up important data (to another on-line account or storing it in another device), changing my passwords often, being alert to possible intrusions, buying the latest updated data protection software, and always logging out properly whenever I use any of my digital computer accounts. Additionally, I take good care of my hardware devices such as not spilling liquids on them, shutting them down properly after each session, and try not using these devices for long periods to avoid over-heating. It is helpful to be alert to any phising attempts like MITM (or man-in-the-middle impersonators) and be security conscious

Small and Medium Entreprises in an international context Essay - 1

Small and Medium Entreprises in an international context - Essay Example he play of market dynamics and the intensity of competition to get set up, operate, overcome problems and manage to survive is the overall background of this research paper, signifying the basic interest of customer orientation of SME, extending to how it is done by the owner / managers, trends and success. In this section of introduction, the reader will encounter a general idea of SME’s, what are they, SME’s in the UK, and further focus on the region of Yorkshire and Humberside (which is the base region of this research paper). Then it states about the position and perception of this study the researcher is going to take the interest in the topic. Last but not the least, is the research structure that how I am going to do the research, tools to be used, systematic procedure in relation to the guidelines stated out, its limitations and advantages. Designing a method so as to favour investment, in SMEs, innovation training and clusters of enterprises, elements that are considered particularly important in the context of economic development, modernisation and employment prospects and standard of living, innovation and entreprenureship and growth. In the United Kingdom, it has remained one of the main destinations of FDI inflows. The ability of the region to attain and retain investment and skilled people reflects on the quality of life and environment and perceptions of the region as a good place to live and do business. The U.K. labour govt. have made it known that the future U.K. economy will become increasingly reliant upon SME’s with the formulation: -National Skill Task Force. (The opportunity to networks and access to world class value-adding information.) This region is clearly defined sub-regions, West and North Yorkshire, Humber and South Yorkshire. This region has experienced significant economic upheaval in the last decade, running down of the coal industry, decline in heavy industry, restructuring of steel industry. The majority of SME

Development 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Development 1 - Essay Example 1 Balanced growth (1953) The theory of balanced growth was proposed by Ragnar Nurkse in 1953. This theory was framed on the fact that newly independent economies could not achieve faster economic development due to the rapidity in basic commodity exports. The imported industrial commodities were the only alternatives which could have expanded the destroyed economies. In other words, the balanced growth or simultaneous enlargement of all industries was the most appropriate way to stimulate the economic growth of underdeveloped economies. At the same time, this type of growth necessitated the accumulation of large resources at one time. According to Nurkse (1953), â€Å"poor developing economies were characterized by a large surplus of labour employed at zero marginal cost in the traditional sector† (cited in Hayami, Hayami and Godo, 135). Nurkse’s model failed to provide adequate alternatives for the development of newly independent economies. Take-off into sustained gro wth (1956) Rostow (1956) defines Take-off into sustained growth model as, â€Å"the interval during which the rate of investment increases in such a way that real output per capita rises† (cited in Crouzet, 153). He also proposes certain conditions for the application of this theory. Rostow says that the proportion of net investment to national income must rise from 5% to 10% in order to satisfy the terms of the theory. Although Rostow connected his theory with the events occurred in Great Britain and several other countries, the theorist could not get any support from the available quantitative data (153). Critical minimum effort thesis (1957) Harvey Leibenstein (1957 cited in Gupta, 176), in his Critical Minimum Effort thesis, says that initial stimulants to development must possess a critical minimum size in order to achieve sustained growth. He continues that change in the value of a set of variables causes the economic backwardness and it possesses a certain degree of st eadiness. Since the economy is subjected to frequent shocks, the actual value of the variables will always be different from that of equilibrium values. Although these stimulants have the capacity to raise the per capita incomes, it is not possible in economically backward regions due to the weakness of the magnitude of these stimulants. 2 The export-oriented industrialization strategy was introduced as a technique to reframe the underdeveloped economies. The essence of the theory is that large scale production and thereby exports would enhance the economic growth of the country. Hence, developing countries too much depended on the exports of a few primary products in order to bridge the wider gap with advanced economies. Dijck, Linnemann and Verbruggen (3) tells that as a result of this strategy, more and more foreign investors were attracted towards the country so that these developing nations were compelled to arrange all favorable investment situations for the foreigners. It cau sed severe challenges to governments as they faced with huge difficulties in implementing the planned budgets and other policies. In addition, the governments lost huge amounts on possible receipts as a result of unfavorable incentive schemes. Similarly, the export-oriented industrialisation caused curtailment of labor wages and it led to political oppression. This strategy influenced the developing natio

HRM Case study (giving HR advice) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HRM Case study (giving HR advice) - Essay Example Elements of organizational structure Specialization Managers need to decide how much work is to be done by each employee. Less degree of specialization would mean one worker handling many tasks at a time. This works with small organizations. But with a large organization, tasks need to be divided into chunks and each chunk should be handled by the designated worker. This improves productivity which also gives total control on the task (O'Fallon & Rutherford, 2010). Departmentalization Forming departments as per different functions is a logical way to do things in a large organization. It is a practical solution in which two different functions cannot hinder each other as they have been separated by their respective departments (O'Fallon & Rutherford, 2010). Authority An important issue arising is of who is going to take how much authority in his hands. None of the organizations are completely centralized or decentralized. Managers must consider the experience and personality of the s ubordinates when deciding for the management style and strategy of the organization (O'Fallon & Rutherford, 2010). Span of control First and foremost, organizational structure of an organization should be determined. This will determine the nature of responsibilities and authority on each member of the organization. ... A narrow span of control would have fewer people to report directly to the manager. This would add more layers to management and hence communication would be slow between lower employees and top managers. A wide span of control would have more subordinates to report directly to the manager. There is a good flow of communication between its lower level employees and top managers. Few layers are involved in the structure (Thomas, 2011). It has been researched that a small span of management with a taller organization structure would be more expensive to run because of greater number of managers. It would also show communication problems. A wider span of control would is more recommended and proves to be useful in most environments. The reason is more employees report to managers directly which would increase employees’ motivation, morale and productivity (O'Fallon & Rutherford, 2010). Coordination of activities Even if there is departmentalization and specialization, there shoul d be coordination between its activities. Problems arise when there is lack of coordination of activities. There should be a link between the functions of two departments (O'Fallon & Rutherford, 2010). A Functional Organization Mr. John Brown needs to make his hotel a functional organization. A functional organization organizes itself along functional lines, with departments being grouped according to their specific functions. Each department is further sub-divided into further small departments. For instance, if there is Rooms Department in a hotel, it is further subdivided into other smaller departments such as laundry department. This way, specific tasks are performed by employees in a specific pattern and there are fewer chances of errors. A functional organization

Theories of Management Essay Example for Free

Theories of Management Essay Managers are responsible for many things in an organization and most of them handle various situations depending on their management style.   The major role of mangers is to get things done in the direction of their goals for the organization (http://www.thinkingmanagers.com). The management style on the other hand is the leadership method employed by a manger. There are four management styles commonly used by managers these are: directing, participating, delegating and guiding (http: www.solhaam.org). The style that a manager will use determines whether the work gets done or not. Successful mangers have the capacity to use all the management styles on their group. The situation in which the group is in always determines the management style in which the manager uses to make his/her group achieve their objectives. However, there is a style that is dominant in a manger and it might be hereditary or acquired through education or experience. Most managers learn the management styles from the theories of management.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 20th century has seen theories changing over time starting with bureaucracy and universalism of before 1920s, human relations of 1930s and motivation of 1950s. All these theories had one common thing and that is to make employers work whether through the use of authoritarian, participative, guiding and delegating and all had advantages and disadvantages and hence theorists are still finding the most effective one to be used by modern managers. Douglas McGregor proposes two theories, which emphasizes on employee motivation. He did not use description to identify but rather used symbols X and Y. These two theories suggest that the role of management is assembling the factors of production, which includes people, for the economic benefit of the organization (http: www.accel-team.com). In this essay theory Y is discussed in detail and its implications analyzed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   McGregor in his theory Y believes that employees can only be motivated best by improving their self-esteem and self-actualization. He generalizes that work can be as natural as play or rest and believes that workers can be made to enjoy work as they enjoy play and rest. He also believes that if people become committed to their objectives they can direct themselves towards meeting these objectives and this assumptions is echoed by many managers who believe that if they make their group members committed they can perform their tasks with very minimal guidance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   McGregor further says that workers can be committed to their objectives if there are rewards such as higher pay or promotions. This is very time in many organizations and this has led many firms introduce the culture promotion by performance and hence employees always take their work very serious since they know that there are benefits in return. In fact, the reward system is a major motivation for many employees since it leads to self-fulfillment. He further beliefs that if employee are motivated they will definitely be responsible and responsibility will lead an organization to higher heights of development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Theory Y assumes that there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals using the workers own aspirations for self-fulfillment as the motivator. McGregor further believes that some employees may be immature and therefore there is need for stricter rules, which should be relaxed gradually as they continue to mature and therefore theory Y encompasses autocratic as well as participative approaches in management. Management implications of theory Y.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like all other theories of management used by mangers, theory Y has some demands from the organization in order to motivate the employees these are: Decentralization and delegation- for organization to motivate its employees it must devolve power to the employees and hence the managers will have subordinates who are directly responsible to the manager and the manager delegates some duties to them. The delegation of responsibility makes them confident and hence motivated. Job enlargement – this theory suggests that firms broadens the working area of an employee so that there is a variety of new opportunities and responsibility and this boosts the ego of employees and thus getting committed to company goals. Participative management – since theory Y believes that in a population there are many creative ideas, some organizations who employ this theory consult their employees before making decisions this makes the employees feel important and accepted and hence motivated. Performance appraisals – most organizations have set goals and struggle to achieve them. These organizations involve their employees in setting these goals and also involve them in evaluating of progress towards meeting the goals. Many managers echo McGregor views since it embraces a holistic approach the uses of different management styles depending on the state of the group. This theory Y is the basis of my management style since I believe that management is getting things done by others with or without your presence. By making the employees happy a manager will ease his/her work since they will direct themselves and perform the tasks allocated to them and only ask for guidance whenever they encounter a crisis. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management unlike leadership depends on the culture of the institution and the perception and beliefs of the manager (http://www.solhaam.org). For one to succeed in managing a group he/she must be flexible according to the situation at hand. A manger must recognize the potentials of his/her employees and strive to tap their talent to the maximum in order to achieve their goals. By consulting and involving as well as delegating responsibilities to junior members managers will help motivate them since this builds the confidence of the employees. All the management theories and principles of the 20th century revolve around motivating employees in order to achieve the set goals. These theories further suggest that the style of management employed by most managers determine the degree of participation by the employees. Their style can either motivate or the employees or become a disincentive to them and hence management theories and management styles are synergistic. References Bono E. Hellers R. Management Theories Retrieved on 14th September 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/management/effective-management.php    Davidmann M.2006 Style of Management and Leadership Retrieved on 14th September 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http: www.solhaam.org/articles/clm2.html    McGregor D. 2007 Human Relations Contributors Theory X and Theory Y Retrieved on 14th September 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.accel-team.com/human_relations/hrels_03_mcgregor.html

Analysis of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens

Analysis of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens   After reading a part of Oliver Twist and after watch the short documentary on Charles  Dickens, it is easy to say that he can be identified as a realist writer. A realist writer is defined as  a writer that writes about things are can happen in the real world. The initial twenty pages of  Oliver Twist has numerous realist traits in it. In the principal couple of sentences of the novel, the  storyteller discusses how Oliver Twist was conceived and how his mom passed away due to  complications during birth. The narrator says when discussing Oliver Twists birth, For a long  time after he was ushered into this world of sorrow and trouble, by the parish surgeon, it  remained a matter of considerable doubt whether the child would survive to bear any name at all;  in which case it is somewhat more than probable that these memoirs would never have appeared,  or, if they had, being comprised withinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ biography extant in the literature of any age or country ( 3). Dickens having the storyteller discuss how nobody knew whether Oliver Twist  would survive indicates Dickens is a realist. Likewise, another piece of the initial twenty pages  where Dickens demonstrates he is a realist writer is toward the finish of the chapter where  Dickens implies about Olivers future. The narrator says, But now he was enveloped in the old  calico robes, that had grown yellow in the same service; he was badged and ticketed, and fell  into his place at once a parish child the orphan of a work house the humble, half-starved  drudge to be cuffed and buffeted through the world, despised by all, and pitied by none (5).   Here, the reader can assume that he will be a parish child as the quote provides. From our  studies of naturalism junior year, or an extraordinary type of authenticity, a man has a  foreordained destiny, which Oliver is given when his mom passes on toward the start of the  novel and he is left as vagrant as an orphan. Subsequent to perusing a piece of Oliver Twist and in the wake of watching the short narrative on Charles Dickens, it is anything but difficult to state that he can be distinguished as a realist essayist. A realist essayist is characterized as an author that expounds on things are can occur in this present reality. The underlying twenty pages of Oliver Twist have various realist attributes in it. In the primary couple of sentences of the novel, the storyteller examines how Oliver Twist was considered and how his mother passed away because of confusions amid birth. The storyteller says while talking about Oliver Twists introduction to the world, For a long time after he was ushered into this world of sorrow and trouble, by the parish surgeon, it remained a matter of considerable doubt whether the child would survive to bear any name at all; in which case it is somewhat more than probable that these memoirs would never have appeared, or, if they had, being comprised withinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ biography extant in the literature of any age or country (3). Dickens having the storyteller talk about how no one knew whether Oliver Twist would survive shows Dickens is a realist. Similarly, another bit of the underlying twenty pages where Dickens exhibits he is a realist essayist is toward the complete of the part where Dickens suggests about Olivers future. The storyteller says, But now he was enveloped in the old calico robes, that had grown yellow in the same service; he was badged and ticketed, and fell into his place at once a parish child the orphan of a work house the humble, half-starved drudge to be cuffed and buffeted through the world, despised by all, and pitied by none (5). Here, after perusing the text one can expect that he will be a parish child as the quote gives. From our investigations of naturalism a year ago, or an unprecedented kind of realness, a man has a fated predetermination, which Oliver is given when his mother passes on toward the begin of th e novel and he is left as vagrant as a vagrant.

All Quiet On The Western Front :: essays research papers

Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet On The Wester Front. Fawcett Crest; New York. 1958 Glaser, Rollin O. All Quiet On The Western Front Notes. Cliffs Notes, Inc.; Lincoln, Nebraska. 1990 Erich Maria Remarque Erich Maria Remarque was born in Osnabrà ¼ck, Westphalia, Germany on June 22, 1898. Being that his father was a book binder by trade, Erich was brought up in a fairly poor household. That did not stop him from receiving a wonderful education at his local “gymnasium'; (equivalent to an elementary school), then proceeding onto the University of Mà ¼nster. While attending there, he was drafted in to the German Army at a mere 18 years of age. He was wounded five times, then released. After returning home, he had a plethora of jobs including: a school master, a tombstone salesman, and even joined a “Gypsy caravan';. His searching for a profession then came to an end when he started writing articles for a Swedish car magazine. He became very well known in the areas of car racing and auto mechanics. He then used his literary skills to write novels that branched from his own personal reflections and experiences. He wrote several best-sellers including: All Quiet On The Western Front, Arch of Triumph, and The Black Obelisk. (contd.) Plot Summery Of: All Quiet On The Western Front All Quiet On The Western Front is a record of seven school chums that all enlist in the German Army after being urged by their school master Kantorek. These poor youth are forced to endure the debilitating effects of World War I, and represent the generation of men that were torn from youthfulness and serenity to face a world of survival horror. They become remnants of Europe’s degenerate youth from that time period. Over the period of years, they are slowly killed off, their once bright and cheerful youthfulness has been ripped from their beings, replaced with listlessness and hardened souls. The story is told in first person by a young man named, Paul Bà ¤umer. He is a very kind and sensitive lad, that wants to make a difference in the world. He has a hard time seeing how fighting against fellow man will make any sort of difference in the world. “He holds fast to a single vow: to fight against the principle of hate that meaninglessly pits young men of the same generation but different uniforms against each other..'; (Remarque, cover) Theme: A Broken And Sorrowful Youth

Im Not Really Like That, Am I? :: Men Women Female Male Macho Essays

I'm Not Really Like That, Am I? Once upon a time . . . Who am I kidding? It was yesterday. I was reading the article "I'll Explain It to You," by Deborah Tannen. Now I'm a male and I'll have to admit, I feel like I've been persecuted. She claims men can be macho, dominating, and self-centered with a woman during a conversation. I feel this is a horrible stereotype to give us. We don't really act like that. To prove my point I'll use a conversation I had with three other people: two girls and another guy. Now this conversation will clearly prove that we (men) aren't how Tannen describes us in her article. Before I describe the conversation, I should begin by talking about some of the situations that led up to it. For instance, I came up to the group of people wanting to speak to my friend. He wasn’t doing much of anything, besides sitting on a couch. So I sat down beside him and I started to have a conversation with him. Now I noticed that the two girls, who were sitting on the couch beside him, were attractive so I began to speak a little more openly. This encouraged the girls to join in (my plan was just starting). They became interested in what we were talking about and began to give their opinions on what we were discussing, which leads into the discussion . . . The topic of this conversation was relationships. When the girls became interested they asked, "What are you guys talking about?" My friend answered, "Women, and how they play with our minds." Now see, two guys can have a perfectly meaningful conversation without degrading anyone. Of course, I then asked one of them if she would like to play with my mind, but that just got us off track of the conversation. Oh, no! I just proved one of Tannen's point's by making a joke. Not only a senseless joke, but a macho joke. Tannen claims that men tend to tell more jokes than women during conversation. According to the article, telling jokes can be a way of negotiating status (266). The article also claims that because women do not care if they hold center stage in a group, they are less likely to use jokes as a form of getting their audience's attention. So, I guess by telling my flirtatious joke, I demonstrated how men like to hold control of a conversation.

Computer Linguistics and Philosophical Interpretation :: Technology Philosophy Essays

Computer Linguistics and Philosophical Interpretation ABSTRACT: This paper reports a procedure which I employed with two computational research instruments, the Index Thomisticus and its companion St. Thomas CD-ROM, in order to research the Thomistic axiom, ‘whatever is received is received according to the mode of the receiver.’ My procedure extends to the lexicological methods developed by the pioneering creator of the Index, Roberto Busa, from single terms to a proposition. More importantly, the paper shows how the emerging results of the lexicological searches guided my formation of a philosophical thesis about the axiom’s import for Aquinas’s existential metaphysics. One day in 1949, when the computer was still in its infancy, a young Jesuit knocked at the door of an executive of I.B.M., and explained that he wanted to put the corpus of Thomas Aquinas’s writings on computer. He wanted, moreover, to number each word, as well as to identify and tag each as the form of its proper lemma. He wanted, in short, a complete graphico-syntatical systemization of all the words Aquinas ever wrote. As data was still being entered into computers by means of the long since forgotten punch-card, this I.B.M. executive was respectfully but decidedly sceptical about the tenability, if not the use, of such a project. Roberto Busa respectfully but decidedly reassured him that if I.B.M. would but supply the technology, Busa himself would see to the rest. And so he did. Over two decades and millions of punch-cards later, there began to emerge into the light of day the Index Thomisticus, the second largest publication of this century. The next step was to figure o ut what to do with it. Busa’s pioneering Index has kept pace with the computer’s hypertrophic evolution even to the present day, its latest reincarnation being in the form of the St. Thomas CD-ROM. (1) In this talk, I want to describe how I went about utilizing the Index Thomisticus and its companion St. Thomas CD-ROM to conduct a systematic and comprehensive search of Thomas’s writings for a certain Scholastic axiom. I hope in this way to offer a model for a philosophical use of computational linguistics, and to show how the emerging results of my lexicological research guided my formation of a philosophical thesis about the axiom's import. Following Busa, I call the procedures I used ‘lexicological’ in that they delineate and clarify one part of the active lexicon of Aquinas through use of the Index Thomisticus as the complete graphico-syntactic systematization of all the words in his writings. Computer Linguistics and Philosophical Interpretation :: Technology Philosophy Essays Computer Linguistics and Philosophical Interpretation ABSTRACT: This paper reports a procedure which I employed with two computational research instruments, the Index Thomisticus and its companion St. Thomas CD-ROM, in order to research the Thomistic axiom, ‘whatever is received is received according to the mode of the receiver.’ My procedure extends to the lexicological methods developed by the pioneering creator of the Index, Roberto Busa, from single terms to a proposition. More importantly, the paper shows how the emerging results of the lexicological searches guided my formation of a philosophical thesis about the axiom’s import for Aquinas’s existential metaphysics. One day in 1949, when the computer was still in its infancy, a young Jesuit knocked at the door of an executive of I.B.M., and explained that he wanted to put the corpus of Thomas Aquinas’s writings on computer. He wanted, moreover, to number each word, as well as to identify and tag each as the form of its proper lemma. He wanted, in short, a complete graphico-syntatical systemization of all the words Aquinas ever wrote. As data was still being entered into computers by means of the long since forgotten punch-card, this I.B.M. executive was respectfully but decidedly sceptical about the tenability, if not the use, of such a project. Roberto Busa respectfully but decidedly reassured him that if I.B.M. would but supply the technology, Busa himself would see to the rest. And so he did. Over two decades and millions of punch-cards later, there began to emerge into the light of day the Index Thomisticus, the second largest publication of this century. The next step was to figure o ut what to do with it. Busa’s pioneering Index has kept pace with the computer’s hypertrophic evolution even to the present day, its latest reincarnation being in the form of the St. Thomas CD-ROM. (1) In this talk, I want to describe how I went about utilizing the Index Thomisticus and its companion St. Thomas CD-ROM to conduct a systematic and comprehensive search of Thomas’s writings for a certain Scholastic axiom. I hope in this way to offer a model for a philosophical use of computational linguistics, and to show how the emerging results of my lexicological research guided my formation of a philosophical thesis about the axiom's import. Following Busa, I call the procedures I used ‘lexicological’ in that they delineate and clarify one part of the active lexicon of Aquinas through use of the Index Thomisticus as the complete graphico-syntactic systematization of all the words in his writings.

David by Michelangelo vs Bernini

Nudity is divine beauty form which can't be translated as profane. Davit's proportions and expressions represents a typical of Michelangelo work. It depicts self control as well as tension at the same time. As from what I have described, Michelangelo David somewhat characterize and symbolize perfectly on Florentine feeling. During that time, Florence was going through some difficult time. Because they were a major political force in Italy at that time, Florence was feared that they will dominate against Rome. The city then comes alert and ready to face continual threats.David represented as a heroic male model of courage. David delivers a strong message of his inner spiritual strength which can proved that they are more effective than a man's strength. He showed us that his faith in God has saved him, not because his own strength but it is all by God (â€Å"The Lord is my strength and my shield. â€Å"). Florentine picturing themselves as David fighting against the Giant â€Å"Rom an†. The statue representing their feelings become the civic piece of the City of Florence which represents the Florentine pride.The next David that I'm going to discuss is David in the period of Italian Baroque done by Giant Lorenz Bernie. It was done between 1623 to 1624, sculpted by Bernie at the age of 25. Just LA 121 -LOL Linda Lieu like Michelangelo, Bernie is an artist who worked in a variety of mediums, but sculpting is his passion. Not Just that, both artists sculpted the same biblical hero David on his fight against Giant Goliath. Looking at the two Davis, both artists visualized different moment and feeling into their sculpture, even though it comes from the same story.Michelangelo gives a story before the Giant Goliath approached, while Bernie captures right on the moment of battle, a man of dynamic mid-action. He represents David on his maximum torque, his torso is twisted at the very back ready to release his stone, making him to a diagonal postures that fills wi th energy. The sculpture has the characteristics of Italian Baroque art, they are dynamic in composition, theatrical setting, full of motions and emotions. Almost like a typical of Hellenic sculpture.The energy and ram that the artist show doesn't only come from the gestures but it pictured clearly on Davit's expressions as well. He is pushing his eye brow together depicts such a great determination, and concentration. The way he is biting his lips also create a great tension to the scene. The whole physical movement and gestures is known as Baroque moment, a time when the action has been captured in mid-narration. Looking from the gestures and all the motions that David presented it is somewhat telling the viewer the emotional that relates to the battle between churches.As during the 1 517 there was a shifting of Catholic teaching known as Protestant Reformation under the leadership of Martin Luther. He was displeased with the Catholic churches as well as the leaders and their life style. As a result he break away from the former Catholic churches and established a new Christianity known as Protestantism. After the Protestant Reformation, there is a gap between the Catholic and Protestant. Many of the Catholics began to follow Luther and become Protestant. Novitiate Selling Japer 03241224During the mid 16th century throughout 17th century, the Catholics began to acts theological campaign lead by the Pope in Rome, known as the Catholic Counter Reformation. The goal is to inspire the population with the work of art and architecture and pursued them to stay faithful with Catholic church and bring them back. The David by Bernie perhaps telling the viewer the way the Catholic churches felt as they were battling against Luther to win people back. In conclusion, both artists specialized their talent on sculpting even though they do work with other types of medium.They depicts the same story from the bible of David fighting against Goliath. Michelangelo tells a story of David waiting for Goliath approach in a calm standing contrasts pose yet aware of his surrounding. This over 14 feet statue stand as a civic pride representing Florentine pride. While Bering's David captures the Baroque moment of Davit's mid action unleashing his slingshot. The sculptures bring so much motion and energy compare to Michelangelo David. The statue represent how the Catholic churches felt as they battle against the Luther. MALL Citations:

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Essay

Cat on a hot tin roof is a tragicomedy. There is a deep meaning shielded by bits and pieces of humor which best symbolizes how actual day to day activities come to pass. In every day life we will laugh about things that hurt in order to keep an experience of normalcy. An example of this is when Big Daddy calls out the minister on his obvious attempt to gain assets for the church. The key issues faced in Cat on a hot tin roof are homosexuality, control, love and facing death. Brick, which is an appropriate name for him considering he is a brick of a man, is an alcoholic who will not face the fact that he has homosexual desires. He is the atypical American man, the personification of the American dream if you will. A football star who has a ridiculous amount of money through his father, a wealthy plantation owner. Brick has a history of not accepting they way things are. After not making it to the pros he and his â€Å"friend† created a football team in order to deny the realiza tion that they were not good enough. As in most dramas there is a lot of symbolism. The most profound that I came across was when Mamma and Maggie were arguing over what went wrong in the marriage between Maggie and Brick. Mamma points to the bed and states that the bed is the problem. At first I took it at face value as though the problem was that Brick wasn’t â€Å"getting any† but later we find out that the bed they slept on was the same one shared by the two gay lovers that previously owned the plantation. Also the title, â€Å"Cat on a hot tin roof†, the characters within the play are constantly torn between continuing to hide the secrets they keep, or confessing which would mean certain exile. Big Daddy and Brick are so similar there is no way that they would be able to coexist with one another. Both are cold and calm as far as appearance is concerned, but both have a guard that no one can penetrate unless by the other. An example of this is when Big Daddy trys to have a heart to heart with his son. Even though he appears to have his guard down they really don’t have a conversation until Brick trys to leave, then they get to the more important issues. Brick and Big Daddy also treat there woman the same. Big Daddy says for the last how ever many years he has wanted to find a  different lover because he has never enjoyed having sex with his wife. The same goes for Brick as he said he was made to marry Maggie and uses the imagery of two cats humping on a fence post. It took the fact that Brick was drunk and Big Daddy was on his death bed to finally initiate a conversation of importance between the two. Though the play hit controversial topics and had a little bit of humor I was not a big fan of it. One of main arguments was every thing was so jumbled and clustered together. It wasn’t as if there many underlying plots or anything, it was the way the story was put together that made it an agitating read. For example when Maggie is trying to have a conversation with brick, why the croquet out side or the screaming of the children. I can see where it might be important that the other brother is discussing the matter of his fathers death and the fact that nether of them seemed to concerned with the actual death but for the money, but all in all the are just too many distractions. Also with all the stage directions it was hard for me to imagine anything. When I read a book or play I want to be able to allow my imagination to run wild with it. It is amazing how a book or play becomes your own if you are allowed to play with it in your mind.

Electricity Billing System

1-310-919-0950 Log In | Sign Up StudyMode. com Essays Book Notes AP Notes More Essays  » English Composition  » Inquiry Electric Billing System By damzee, Sep 2011 | 2 Pages (435 Words) | 546 Views | Report | Sign Up to access full essay RATELESS 0. 218 /* rate of charge first 200 unit */ RATEMORE 0. 334 /* rate of charge following unit */ PEN 0. 015 /* penalty for unpaid balance */ Inputs int unit /* unit of electricity used */ float UnpaidBal /* unpaid balance */ Outputs float Penalty /* charge of penalty */ float UseCharge /* charge for the current electricity use */ float TotalBill /* total charge */PROGRAM ALGORITHM (FLOW OF PROGRAM) 1. Display user instructions 2. Get data: unpaid balance and electricity unit used 3. Determine electricity unit used and compute use charge 4. Determine unpaid balance and compute penalty 5. Compute total charge 6. Display the total bill amount DESIGN OF COMPUTATION OF USE CHARGE The data required to compute the use charge are listed. We separa te the involved data categories into Input, Process and Output. Input Data int unit /* unit of electricity used */ Process Data RATELESS 0. 218 /* rate of charge first 200 unit */ RATEMORE 0. 34 /* rate of charge following unit */ Output Data float UseCharge /* charge for the current electricity use */ Algorithm for Computation of Use Charge We know that different rate will be used if the electricity unit used is more than 200. Thus we use if else selection to design the algorithm. if unit > 200 compute use charge for more than 200 unit else compute use charge for less than 200 unit Formula for Use Charge UseCharge=(unit-200)*RATEMORE+200*RATELESS /* more than 200 */ UseCharge=unit*RATELESS /* less than 200 */ DESIGN OF COMPUTATION OF PENALTYThe data required to compute the penalty are listed. We separate the involved data categories into Input, Process and Output. Input Data float UnpaidBal /* unpaid balance */ Process Data PEN 0. 015 /* penalty for unpaid balance */ Output Data fl oat Penalty /* charge of penalty */ Algorithm for Computation of Penalty Penalty is dealt when there is an unpaid balance. We use if selection to design the algorithm. if†¦ [continues] Read full essay Cite This Essay APA (2011, 09). Electric Billing System. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 09, 2011, from http://www. studymode. om/essays/Electric-Billing-System-774944. html MLA CHICAGO Welcome StudyMode. com is the web's leading learning tool. We inspire millions of students every day with over 650,000 model essays and papers, AP notes and book notes. Learn More Related essays Standard For Electrical Power System †¦ Std C37. 2TM-2008 (Revision of IEEE Std C37. 2-1996) IEEE Standard for Electrical†¦ 84 pagesNov 2010 Water Billing System †¦ General Objective: To create an accurate, reliable, and correct water billing†¦ 15 pagesMar 2011 Electric Power Systems †¦ and index.ISBN-13: 978-0-471-17859-0 ISBN-10: 0-471-17859-4 1. Electric†¦ 566 pagesNov 2011 Billin g System †¦ use of transistor that stores instructions, providing good and affordable electric†¦ 6 pagesDec 2011 Student Billing System Documentation(Not Yet Completed) †¦ will appear: the tuition fee, entrance fee and all data involved in the billing†¦ 36 pagesFeb 2012 Ready to get started? Sign Up Free Products Essays AP Notes Book Notes Citation Tool Company About Blog Help Jobs Contact Follow Facebook Twitter Google+  ©2012 StudyMode. com Legal Site Map Advertise

Behavior Modification Project Essay

Identify Target Behavior: Get a Healthier Amount of Sleep/Stop Napping Daily I chose to modify my sleeping behavior for my behavior modification project. Sleep is something that I have always had a problem with. In high school I would get an average of about 5 hours of sleep a night, and now as a junior in college I get about 5-6 hours a night. I wanted to modify this behavior because I feel that not getting enough sleep is negatively affecting my mood, health, and overall outlook on my every day experience. It would be beneficial to me to be more awake and happy throughout my days rather than be tired and pushing myself to stay awake. My main issue with my sleeping behavior is the amount of time I spend per day napping. If my nightly sleeping patterns were increased, I could eliminate the need for naps during the day. Baseline Data: 4.5-5.5 Hours of Sleep per Night At the beginning of the term I observed my sleeping patterns for a week. Since I have a different schedule on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays than I do on Tuesdays and Thursdays I found that I do get slightly more sleep on some nights than I do on others. I did not include weekend sleep times in my data. On Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday nights I would go to bed between 11:30 and midnight. I would then wake up at 5:30 am the following mornings. Therefore 3 nights of the week I was getting around 5.5/6 hours of sleep. On Monday and Wednesday nights I would go to bed somewhere in that same time frame of 11:30 to midnight. However on the following mornings I needed to be awake an hour earlier, so I would wake up at 4:30 am. On these nights I was getting about 4.5/5 hours of sleep. I noted that on Tuesdays and Thursdays I was more likely to get home from work and fall asleep around 4 pm for about 3 hours each of those days. On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, I would nap for about an hour and a half around 3 pm. I observed that during the times that I would come home and nap, I could have been doing something more valuable with my time if my body had the energy to keep going rather than take a few hours to rest itself. Stimulus Conditions: School, Homework, and Distractions I live at home and commute to school, so the main stimulus condition was the distractions that are available to me such as TV and internet. I have slept with my TV on for as long as I have had it. Usually I will turn on a show or a movie and fall asleep half way through watching it. This is the main problem for me because once I start I have an extremely difficult time stopping myself. My brain is still concentrating on the website I was on or what I was watching as I am trying to fall asleep. Another condition is school. Since I do commute, I have to be up a lot earlier than I would if I were living on campus. I work a lot of days after I get out of class so I have to have my hair and makeup done and can’t go to class looking the way I did when I woke up. I realize that I could not change my wakeup time for this project because that is the amount of time that I need to get ready and drive to school. Another condition is my homework. I usually study and work on homework after dinner which is around 7 pm so homework doesn’t usually affect my sleep that much unless I have a lot of work or studying to do. Set Goals: Every Week Sleep 30 Minutes More per Night At first my goal was to increase the amount of sleep I got by 10 minutes every day. I attempted that the first week and found it to be extremely difficult because the times were so close together that it was almost impossible to make myself fall asleep at that exact time. I also was thinking about it too much and thinking about it made it even more difficult to fall asleep. I decided to switch my goal by going to bed a half hour earlier than I did the week before. That way with a starting point of 5.5 hours, by week 5 I would be getting 8 hours of sleep. The national sleep foundation states on their website that 7-9 hours is the recommended amount of sleep for the average person over the age of 17. Therefore I took the median of that to use as my final goal. Since the main problem that I had was the distractions such as TV and Internet, I made it a rule that I needed to close my laptop and turn off my TV at the specific sleep time goal for that week. I found that with my TV off I was able to fall asleep almost immediately after laying down. I recorded the amount of sleep that I got every night, though it is not exact I did fall asleep almost immediately after the start times so it is only off by a few minutes at most. Sleep Time Goals Week 1 – 11:30 Week 2 – 11:00 Week 3 – 10:30 Week 4 – 10:00 Week 5 – 9:30 *Since Week 1 was unsuccessful in going to sleep around that specific goal time I changed my project by pushing my sleep goals back 30 minutes for the remaining 4 weeks. *Altered Sleep Time Goals Week 1 – 11:30 (Already Passed) Week 2 – 11:30 Week 3 – 11:00 Week 4 – 10:30 Week 5 – 10:00 Actual Sleep Times Week 1 Monday: 11:55 pm-5:30 am – 5 hours 35 minutes (5.58 hours) Tuesday: 11:45 pm-4:30 am – 4 hours and 45 minutes (4.75 hours) Wednesday: 12:00 pm-5:30 am – 5 hours and 30 minutes (5.5 hours) Thursday: 11:50 pm-4:30 am – 4 hours and 40 minutes (4.66 hours) Friday: 11:45 pm-5:30 am – 5 hours and 45 minutes (5.75 hours) Week 2 Monday: 11:20-5:30 – 6 hours and 10 minutes (6.17 hours) Tuesday: 11:15-4:30 am – 5 hours and 15 minutes (5.25 hours) Wednesday: 11:25-5:30 am – 6 hours and 5 minutes (6.08 hours) Thursday: 11:20-4:30 am – 5 hours and 10 minutes (5.17 hours) Friday: 11:15-5:30 am – 6 hours 15 minutes (6.25 hours) WEEK 3 Monday: 10:50 pm-5:30 am – 6 hours and 40 minutes (6.66 hours) Tuesday: 10:55 pm-4:30 am – 5 hours and 35 minutes (5.58 hours) Wednesday: 10:45 pm-5:30 am – 6 hours and 45 minutes (6.75 hours) Thursday: 10:50 pm-4:30 am – 5 hours and 40 minutes (5.66 hours) Friday: 10:50 pm-5:30 am – 6 hours and 40 minutes (6.66 hours) WEEK 4 Monday: 10:25 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 5 minutes (7.08 hours) Tuesday: 10:30 pm-4:30 am – 6 hours (6.0 hours) Wednesday: 10:35 pm-5:30 am – 6 hours and 55 minutes (5.92 hours) Thursday: 10:20 pm-4:30 am – 6 hours and 10 minutes (6.17 hours) Friday: 10:20 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 10 minutes (7.17 hours) WEEK 5 Monday: 10:00 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 30 minutes (7.5 hours) Tuesday: 10:05 pm-4:30 am – 6 hours and 25 minutes (6.42 hours) Wednesday: 10:00 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 30 minutes (7.5 hours) Thursday: 9:55 pm-4:30 am – 6 hours and 35 minutes (6.58 hours) Friday: 10:00 pm-5:30 am – 7 hours and 30 minutes (7.5 hours) Below I have included the graphs that I made weekly with the data I collected over the course of that week. The actual amount of sleep I got, my goal amount of sleep for that week, and the National Sleep Foundation recommended amount of sleep are all included. I found that these graphs are excellent for displaying how much closer I got to my sleep goal every week. I was very pleased with the results as I did not expect the project to go so smoothly. Since I live with them, I had asked my mother and my sister to look for any changes in my behavior during this time. Both of them agreed that around week 3 I was more fun to talk to because I wasn’t being so negative in our conversations. My mother enjoyed the fact that I was more willing to go out and run errands with her when I got home rather than go in my room and pass out. By week 5 both of them had said that they noticed I seemed to be getting through my days without as much complaining. Overall I also didn’t notice any changes myself until about week 3. Weeks 3-5 made a big difference because I no longer felt that I â€Å"needed† to take a nap and since I felt that I had more time to do things that I wanted I had a much more positive outlook on my day as a whole. Encourage/Remove Stimulus Conditions: Time Management and Eliminate Distractions Since my main stimulus condition was the distractions that I had, the most important thing for me to do was to set a rule for myself to always turn off my TV and laptop before the goal sleep time of that night. I have always thought that I needed the background noise of my TV to sleep, and I was very surprised to found that I did not have a single problem with the TV being off. The only issue I had with this alteration was the fact that I didn’t create this rule until after week 1. For the first week of my project I continued to go to bed with the TV on, and even though I was technically in bed at my goal sleep time I was not falling asleep until approximately a half hour after laying down. Once I made this change and altered my sleep time goals the project went a lot more smoothly. Since I could not change the time that I woke up in the morning, I knew I needed to work on time management with my homework so that I could have at least a little free time before I made myself shut off my electronics. I stopped taking so many breaks during the time that I was working on homework and I just used a solid block of time to finish everything I had to do. It was a lot easier for me to get done faster when I wasn’t losing focus on other things all of the time. I was happy with the decision I made to turn off my TV and laptop at the time I planned to go to bed every night. I believe that that factor made all the difference in the direction that my project went. I feel that there would have been more obstacles and challenges if I had not created that rule for myself. Modifying these two conditions helped me be able to fall asleep faster and also enjoy falling asleep much more than I had before. Punishers & Reinforcers: Activities During the Time that was used for Naps I at first contemplated the punishments that I could use for not going to sleep at my goal time. The first week of my project I was still not going to sleep around my goal time and I was continuing to sleep at the times I had been sleeping before. I realized that since I used this time to watch movies, I could instead turn it into a reward by watching movies during the time in which I usually napped. Therefore when I returned home around 4 pm, rather than napping for 3 hours I could use that time for â€Å"free time† watching movies and going on the internet so that I could get my fix during that time instead of getting my fix right before I went to bed. If I went to bed earlier, I would not need the naps. It was almost like a cycle that just needed to be adjusted. I stopped needing naps around week 3 when I was getting roughly 6 and a half hours of sleep. It was a nice feeling to look forward to coming home and having free time rather than coming home and wasting a few hours of my day to feel refreshed. The fact that I had something to look forward to was a good reinforcement. I didn’t feel that I needed many more rewards because being on a normal schedule and not losing as many hours of my day was a reward enough for me. I enjoy having more free time as opposed to having nap time. In a way I was using positive and negative reinforcement because I was taking away my time on the internet and watching movies late at night, but rewarding myself by using my time during the day for those activities which I got from going to sleep earlier. Design Schedules of consequence and Administer Schedules: I am going to modify my sleep patterns in order to get an increasingly healthier amount of sleep per night. This will aid in the elimination of daily naps. I am going to sleep 30 minutes earlier every week until I am getting 8 hours of sleep a night. My reward will be having more free time to relax and do what I want after a long day rather than wasting those few hours by sleeping. The free time will be my motivator since I already wish I had more time during the day to do things that I want to do. The Results: Creating this program was somewhat of a challenge because the main problem was my bad sleeping habits. I learned a lot about myself as a result of doing this project, and the most that I learned was near the end when I was organizing all of my data. Though week 1 did not go as planned, I was very proud of myself for actually following through with my goal sleep times for the remainder of the project and I can clearly see the benefits I have gained from the changes that I made. Even though my main goal was to work on the amount of naps that I would take, I noticed many more benefits along the way. I found it easier for me to pay attention in class, and my note taking skills have also improved. My need for coffee in the morning has gone down and I actually drink more water in place which is a much healthier alternative. I also find it much easier to drive to school. I also am in a much better mood in the mornings that I was before. I found the most difficulty in this project during week 1. I believe this is because I had not yet made the adjustment to turn my electronics off. After making that change in my project everything seemed to work out much better and I never really went off track again. I feel that I am more productive and I now also have more time during the day to relax and enjoy myself. I felt that I made a good choice in choosing this specific behavior to modify because it has really improved more than one area of my daily life. I really have learned what a difference a healthy amount of sleep can do for you and I will continue to try and stay with the amount I have worked to getting right now.

Staffing and defining an arts organization Assignment

Staffing and defining an arts organization - Assignment Example that â€Å"Our main reason for being is to create theatre productions that reflect the Canadian experience of the past, present and future† (What we do, n. d.). The mission statement of the organization rest upon the values, which is expressed as- â€Å"we are very active in play development as a means of supporting Canadian playwrights and building the repertoire of Canadian plays† (What we do, n. d.). The director is more responsible for the artistic activities of the organization rather than engaging in the day to day activities of the organization. He must have the vision that the plays staged by the organization must be unique and uphold the values of the organization enunciated by the founder. He must be a person of long term vision as the organization’s future id relied upon how competent he is in keeping the studio upfront of similar organizations. Similarly, he must have good managerial abilities and leadership qualities as he is the person responsible for coordinating the whole activities of the organization. He should have a good foresight and motivational qualities. He must motivate the entire people in the organization so that the objectives can be

Media and Entertainment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media and Entertainment Law - Essay Example Any exchange of the part of the Commercial Public Sector Broadcasters inescapably concentrates the degree to which it satisfies its transmit to supply public administration TV. There is as of now a progressing examination concerning the part and meaning of PSB. The Communications Act 2003 obliges Ofcom to do a survey of the degree to which the Commercial Public Sector Broadcasters [and other PSBs] have given program. It also involves administrations that, taken together, satisfy the reasons of public administration TV in the UK2. The act is the UK exchange affiliation that speaks to the commercial investments of free gimmick film, TV, activity and interactive media organizations. Act has around 1,000 parts, making it the biggest delegate gathering of screen-based substance makers in the UK and the biggest exchange relationship in these sectors3. The statutory Commercial Public Sector Broadcasters Charter Review gives a chance to get some information about the Corporations future in the light of the changing universe of public administration TV. Act will answer the key meeting inquiries in the setting of a general perspective of how an improved Commercial Public Sector Broadcasters can best give imaginative public administration television. Act upholds the Commercial Public Sector Broadcasters status as a social reference point; a paramount and positive impact on the lives of British subjects. There is no motivation behind why the Commercial Public Sector Broadcasters ought not to keep on satisfying these capacities in any event over the full compass of the following 10-year sanction period and past4. Act backs the continuation of the Commercial Public Sector Broadcasters as a solid autonomous public administration telecaster. The Commercial Public Sector Broadcasters key part is to be the first of the public administration broadcasters. The Charter Review must guarantee that the Commercial Public Sector

The glass ceiling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The glass ceiling - Essay Example ceived superiority of men in administrative and leadership roles, diminishment of women’s voices in decision-making situations and valuation of perceived ‘masculine’ traits, such as, aggression and dominance over perceived ‘feminine’ traits like understanding and patients, especially in highly competitive and political environments. The glass ceiling has a variety of effects on women. The first and most obvious is to subtly exclude them from reaching top positions in their fields. While a few women do make it into upper management or leadership roles in their fields, the vast majority of most professions, and especially the highest echelons of those professions, remain dominated by men. This process can also create a significant negative impact on a woman’s personal life. Most obviously, professional stalling that occurs when women hit the glass ceiling and are no longer able to advance creates significant emotional problems, such as, professional frustration and decreased self-worth. Women are often made to make lose-lose choices, for instance, having to decide between having a child, and thus loosing time, energy and prestige at work, or focusing on their careers and losing out on family opportunities – choices men are never forced to make. (For question three, maybe focus on things such as the fact that you can use traditionally feminine traits to be an excellent psychologist, you can side-step traditional hierarchies that exist in other professions, and publish work in a merit-based fashion to achieve prestige without needing to go through patriarchal

Documentary Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Documentary - Personal Statement Example (Rosenthal 1996, 31-35) So while the genre title 'f 'documentary' is a useful one for Video Store owners, the conventions and styles used by documentary filmmakers vary so greatly that the term documentary really does not give the viewer much 'f an idea as to what to expect from their viewing experience. One mode 'f documentary is the institutional documentary. Institutional documentary is, in its most generic meaning, a documentary that is financially and legally supported, and more often than not, ethically regulated by the organisation that funds the project. Because 'f this, there is no one film maker behind the documentary who has creative control, as the institution funding the project is primarily concerned with documenting it's cause and this drives the content and often the style 'f presentation. The style 'f these documentaries are not really exciting and do not rely on dramatisation, rather they rely on using the power 'f the content to influence the viewer. This may make the documentary less interesting to watch but what we must realise in institutional documentary is that the institution is driven by a desire to convey a strong message but often limited by a strict budget. This leaves no room for special effects or extra scenes that may not be cost efficient, even if th ey may the documentary more 'entertaining'. The documentary film Facing the Music directed by Bob Conolly, a part observational and part performative documentary, is an example 'f an Institutionalised documentary. Concepts 'f the institution, the issue 'f funding and sponsorship, the questions 'f authority and resistance are all enmeshed in this documentary. The documentary follows the protagonist, Ann Boyd as she fights against the system that ultimately aims to destroy the music department at the University 'f Sydney. The directors in this case follow the institution 'f the Music Department, and document on what they see happening from their perspective. (Rabiger 1998, 1-7; Bruzzi 2000, 15-17) The film did not have a large budget and relies heavily on presenting the talents 'f the musicians studying at the University, and the passion and determination 'f Boyd to influence the viewer to see that the department should receive funding to continue to develop these amazing talents. The film moves slowly, does not make use 'f spec ial effects and relies heavily on content to influence the viewer. The content 'f the film is driven by the Music Department's desperate need for funding and aims to show the viewer just how important this Institution is. The film's purpose very much influences its style. While Institutional documentary is one form 'f documentary film, it differs greatly from other modes 'f documentary. Self Reflexivity is also another principle 'f documentary. It is defined as "any aspect 'f a film which points toward its own process 'f production" So since we are aware 'f the processes through out the documentary that created it, such as camera equipment in view, the voice 'f a person behind the camera to an interviewee or anything that points towards this aspect, it in fact makes the Documentary feel more

Coursework assignment for Quantitative Analysis for Managers moudel

Assignment for Quantitative Analysis for Managers moudel - Coursework Example The manufacturing cost of Kopi Lua reduces from  £ 6.00 per kg to  £ 4.83 per kg which is 19.5% lower and since the price mark-up is 30%, the actual margin is much higher. For the Costa Rica blend, however, the cost goes up from  £ 5.00 per kg to  £ 7.15 per kg causing a loss of  £ 0.65 per kg since the selling price is 5 x 1.3 =  £ 6.50 per kg. The present method of overhead allocation based on direct labour hours results in an equal allocation of  £ 1.50 per kg to each of the two blends of coffee when it is clear that the efforts in purchasing, materials handling and quality control have to be higher for processing the Costa Rica coffee in small batches of 500 kg each compared to processing Kopi Lua in batches of 10,000 kg each. Such cost anomalies could be present in each of the 40 blends that the company makes. Another significant reason to change the overhead allocation method is that the product cost would change each time the product mix made in the plant changes. This has the impact of causing variations in profitability. Activity based overhead allocation has another important advantage over the labour hour based allocation. Each element of the overhead cost can be scrutinized to see if any reduction is possible. For example, purchasing costs could reduce if the Costa Rica coffee was bought in, say, 2 batches a year in place of 4. It is not clear why the number of setups should be three per batch when the batch sizes are so different. Reducing the number of setups for Costa Rica would reduce the allocated materials handling costs. The concept of Activity Based Costing (ABC) was first defined by Robert Kaplan and William Burns in the late 1980s. Initially ABC focused on the manufacturing industry where technological developments and productivity improvements had reduced the proportion of direct labour and direct materials costs but increased the proportion of indirect or

Entrepreneurship and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Entrepreneurship and Innovation - Essay Example The people will be recruited and given jobs according to their strengths and skills in particular field. This report illustrates the estimated financial needs and total forecasted net cash flow in the first operating year. The venture will differentiate their products and services by innovative promotional activities to attract customer and increase their customer base. Part A Description of the Venture The venture is to open a clothing store that will provide people variety of clothes and accessories. It will offer most inclusive selection of clothes in stores as well as in online shopping. By offering a complete selection of fashionable items, the new venture will quickly gain good response among customers and also increase the sales. The new venture will certainly fulfil the need of customers by providing most inclusive selection and by having good educated employee force. The business venture will constantly monitor the competitive business condition to ensure innovation and diff erentiation in their products. The clothing venture will adhere to maintain strict control in financial activities. The major creativity which will distinguish the products of the new venture will be to provide multi-sport wear to match the lifestyle of customer, tailored customer service and variety of sizes to choose which can fit the potential customer. Major Issues of the Venture One of the chief issues for new clothing venture is the recent decline of apparel manufacturing industry. The chief reason for this demur is that the retailers are relocating their production offshore. Due to low cost advantage in other countries, several clothing brands relocated their production offshore that resulted in job cuts of employees in the UK. The new clothing venture will outsource their products from British manufacturing companies because the demand of British products is at present increasing. The outsourcing from British manufacturing company will help to boost the confidence of the app arel industry and determine the problems of producing apparel goods in the UK. The new clothing venture can create job opportunity for several people in the UK (Freitag, 2011). Feasibility Study of the Venture The fashion sector of the UK is active compared to many of the markets. The fashion market is influenced by international market and it is dominated by seasonal style, disparity and desire of people. Therefore, businesses related to clothing and fashion need to consider the diversity of people’s opinion and thoughts towards brand and fashion. The fashion sector of the UK provides complete view of customer’s purchasing behaviour (Experian Information Solutions, 2010). The clothing market of the UK has shown excellent growth. In between 2004–2008, the expenditure on clothing items in the UK had increased by 10%. The supermarket such as ASDA and Tesco had accounted for increasing in sales of clothing products than other outlets. In the year 2008, the supermar kets’ share had raised to 23% compared to 10% in the year 2000. It is expected that this expansion will continue because of increase in customer expenditure on non-food products. The clothing mar

Growth of Contemporary Christianity Research Paper

Growth of Contemporary Christianity - Research Paper Example According to the Pew Research Center, total Christian population is estimated to be 2.18 billion, out of 6.9 billion world population. Although the faith is considered to be a new advent in comparison with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Judaism, yet the religion got popularity in all corners within few centuries of its advent. The credit certainly goes to the saints, preachers and the dedicated adherents of the faith, which turned out to be supportive in spreading its noble teachings. Although the founder of Christian faith belonged to Nazareth, the present day Asian state of Israel, yet it is very popular in Europe, America, Australia, Africa and remote areas of Asia. Growth of Christianity in India Although there is a misconception about the advent of the Christian faith in the aftermath of the European invasions on the sub-continent and colonization era, yet the belief has been introduced in the region during the apostolic age. Historical evidence reveals the very fact that Christianity got its way to the Indian sub-continent during the first century A.D., where St. Judas Thomas, one of the most dynamic pupils of Jesus Christ, was instructed to reach the northern parts of the country in order to spread the message of Christ and Scripture to the indigenous Indian population during the era of Indo-Parthian Kingdom of Takhshashila (Ninan, 2004: 5). ii The Acts of Thomasiii demonstrates that Thomas was successful in communicating the religious belief system to the monarch and subjects as well. Consequently, the king, his family and significant number of courtiers embraced Christianity. Kerala is stated to be the first region to accept Christianity by 3rd century A.D. Missickiv (20 02) notices the existence of an ancient Christian people living along the coast of Malabar in southern India whose origins extend back over one thousand years before they were discovered by European explorers. This is the same community that is claimed to be established by St. Thomas. Taken after the name of St. Thomas, this Mar-Thoma Christian community followed the Assyrian traditions of the faith, which actually consisted of the same conventions, language and teachings that had been attributed to Jesus Christ and his followers belonging to the areas situated in the present day Middle East. With the passage of time, Assyrian faith got popularity in the neighboring parts of the country, and the Indians suppressed under the nefarious clutches of caste and class Hindu system, sought relief in a religion that used to advocate equality, justice and respect of every citizen without discrimination. Consequently, the eastern and southern parts of the sub-continent also started welcoming C hristianity with open arms. Ninan also observes the arrival of Apostle Barthemew by 55 A.D. near Bombay, (present day coastal cosmopolitan city of Mumbai), who taught Gospel and other religious teachings to the local people, and played very important role in convincing different strata of the then Indian population. As a result, the members from the religious Brahman, warriors and peasant communities embraced new faith quite willingly.v However, it does not mean that the apostles and saints did not undergo trials and oppositions altogether in India. On the contrary, they had to face chains of difficulties and mountains of hardships during the course of introducing a religion that appeared to be quite opposite to the prevailing idol-worshipping teachings of the indigenous Hinduism. Thus, the apostles determined to spread Christianity in India had to meet with the same fate the African saints including St. Perpetua, St. Monica, St. Ambrose, St. Augustine of Hippo and others

Paternalism Essay Essay Example for Free

Paternalism Essay Essay The debate over state interference in personal liberties has been a reoccurring concern since the beginning of the first types of democracies. In John Stuart Mills, On Liberty, Mill addresses the need for little state intervention in order to respect personal liberty and autonomy. In his essay, Mill stresses the importance of the individual and the need for government not to restrain these liberties through paternalistic means. With his firm stance of his Harm Principle, devotion to utilitarianism, and analysis of liberties of thought and action, Mill confidently stresses that state paternalism is never justified. In this paper, I will argue, through Mills Harm Principle that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. I will emphasize the idea that one is sovereign and the government need not interfere for liberty consists in doing what one desires, so long as it does not infringe on the liberties of others. Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign. Mills defense against paternalism lies primarily on the concept that individuals have a better idea of what is good for them than the government or any one else for that matter. While arguing his case, he ensures that these individuals involved are coherent, educated, and well-informed adults. Before further indulging into Mills argument against paternalism, one may wonder what exactly paternalism is. Websters Dictionary describes paternalism as a policy or practice of treating or governing people in a fatherly manner, especially by providing for their needs without giving them rights or responsibilities. To continue further, paternalism is the interference of a state or an individual against the will of another. This interference is justified by claiming what they did is to protect that person from harm. For example, seat belt laws are a form of paternalism. As of May 1st, 2000 New Jersey statute declared that one must wear a seat belt, whereas if one is not wearing a seat belt they will be summoned. Former Governor Whitman signed the statute into effect based on statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The statistics showed that New Jersey could  save forty-seven lives and have fifteen hundred fewer serious injuries a year. In this case, the government of New Jersey is telling the state that everyone must wear a seat belt. Yet, what about those who ride their vehicle into a body of water and cannot get their set belt off; they may end up drowning and death may arise. In this case, the seat belt law is not helpful. Recently, research in Britain shows that British citizens wear seat belts not because they are told to, but because they fear the damage that may result from a car collision. So, is such a law necessary to tell people what to do? A line needs to be drawn with these sorts of regulations and interferences. People know what is morally wrong and right, and personal liberty decisions need to be left autonomous. Mill, as an anti-paternalist argues interference is wrong. Mill indicates that liberty consists in doing what one desires, and he does not desire to fall into the river. He refers to an incidence where an official sees a person about to cross a bridge which has been declared unsafe. Mill supposes that the official has no time to warn the person of the danger of crossing the bridge. At this point, the person is seized and no real infringements of liberty were asserted on the person. This is where Mill would draw the line of paternalism. In this case, it was necessary for the person to be stopped, if not, he may have been killed unwillfully. So, where does Mill urge that interference is wrongful? Mill supposes that if one knows he is in danger, he ought to be only warned of the danger; not forcibly prevented from exposing himself to it. Therefore, if someone knows the dangers of crossing the bridge, he should be left to make his own decision. I would compare this to the sale of tobacco. As a matter of fact, the danger of smoking is stamped across the side of the box. It states, Quitting smoking now greatly reduces serious risks to your health. Just as someone is left to make his own decision to cross the bridge, as is the decision left to the person to smoke tobacco or not. Yet, if the government were to prohibit tobacco sales, they would be parenting society. Mill urges this not to be done and the decision should be left to oneself. Mill draws a different line of paternalism regarding alcohol in respect to  drunkenness. He thinks that alcohol should not be prohibited, yet if someone is known for acting violent when drunk, he himself should be restricted. At this point, one is infringing anothers liberties and he should be stopped. For example, if a man is know to abuse his wife when drunk, then he should be punished and restricted. On the other hand, John Doe, who goes to the local bar once a week, should not be punished because of another mans abusive tendencies when under the influence of alcohol. Today, this can be compared to drinking and driving. If one is intoxicated while driving, and is in an accident, then he will be severely punished, whereas his license may be suspended and other charges may be pressed against him. Yet, if a sober person is in an accident, he would have minimum reparations to pay, usually an insurance deductible and nothing more. Here, the government is stating they will tolerate drinking, so long as there are no effects on anyone else. The government laid down the law on what is to be done if the privilege of drinking is taken advantage of. It is quite similar to the warning label on cigarettes. Both examples allow people to engage in certain activities, and warnings are given. Everything is left up to the person engaging in the activity. There is limited paternalism, and this is what Mill shows to be acceptable. In On Liberty, Mill does a superb job in demonstrating what paternalism is, and he introduces a solution to the problem. In his bridge example, he lucidly states that there are clear-cut places where one can or cannot step in, especially when the liberties of others are at stake. In summation, if one knows of the consequences of his actions let him be without any interference. Yet, if one is ignorant to what may arise from a given situation one may interfere to protect that person from what he may not want to do. This is where the line should be drawn. Mill does conclude that any state interference would end up granting the state more power against the individual and limit the liberties of man. So, should a paternalistic structure dictate what society can and cannot do? This reoccurring problem is solved in On Liberty, and Mill does suggest that man has the intellectual capability to make personal decisions that are in  his own interest. Paternalistic interference is unnecessary. As Mill argued, The worth of a State is worth of the individuals composing it. Moreover, there are no cases when it is acceptable to force an individual to do something for his own good. His principle will never allow for paternalism. Mills principle dictates the freedom to conduct oneself as he sees fit, so long as all others are left unharmed. As he indicated, which I stand firmly by with my argument, liberty consists in doing what one desires, and [one] does not desire to fall into the river.

Psychology, IT and Individualism Essay Example for Free

Psychology, IT and Individualism Essay As information technology continues to develop with more people getting exposed to it, numerous changes are also taking place the field of psychology. Previously, many IT analysts frequently argued that psychology was taking longer than enough to implement and adopt technological advancements. However, recent researches indicate that the practices and methods applied in psychology have greatly transformed as a result of changes in information technology. First, the internet has been one of the major latest trends in psychology; it is highly associated with psychopathology (Wilson 2004). For instance, depression and loneliness have often been connected to the excess use of the internet since it results to addiction. Secondly, there is the use of information technology in counseling and psychotherapy. This is currently being done via the internet; this has resulted to some lack of privacy and confidentiality as well as loss of effectiveness in the practice since some important features such as facial expression and verbal expression has been lost (Wilson 2004). IT is also applied in research and development in psychology to enhance further growth and generation of useful knowledge. For instance, the authors of the current DSM IV-TR applied computerized criteria in revising the classification of disorders in the manual to come with a less flawless criterion of categorizing disorders and disabilities. Using IT, today’s psychotherapists have been able to make numerous improvements in the way through which they can reach, counsel and correspond with their clients (discussed in the next section) (Azucena, Hunter, 2001). The growth of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy refers to private individual counseling by professional psychotherapists. As a highly growing trend in psychology, psychotherapy is used by psychotherapists to assist them in developing deliberate interpersonal relationships with their clients as a strategy for helping the patient to improve their well being. The trend applies many modern techniques of building closer relationships with the patients such as face to face dialogues, home phone calls and regular visits of the therapist to the client (Azucena, Hunter, 2001). This trend is basically aimed at improving the mental health of the patient through interpersonal relationships. This represents a great shift in the nature of counseling psychology, psychiatry, occupational therapy, clinical psychology and other related fields in psychology. In essence, psychotherapy is not a new trend in the field of psychology since over the years, people have received private reassurance and counsel from others; what is new and becoming increasingly famous in psychology is the application of modern and deliberate professional techniques in psychotherapy. Such psychotherapeutic techniques include online counseling whereby a therapist handles client personally through creating client accounts where he can easily relate with the client on one-on-one(but not face-to-face) bases (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999). Most of the new psychotherapeutic techniques are possible because of the advancements in the use of information technology in the field of psychology as discussed above. For instance, therapists encourage clients to use social networks to be able to communicate easily with them and their families. In addition, they also approve the use of phone calls whereby clients are free to call their physicians at any time of the day so that they can discuss their issues at convenience. However, modern psychotherapy is not without a number of flaws. Recently, concerns have greatly risen concerning the advancement of individualism in psychotherapy (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999). Psychotherapy encourages individualism on both the therapist and the client. Individualism is a term used in psychology to refer to ways through which people recognize themselves only and concentrate on individual goals as opposed to collectivism. In this sense, psychotherapist no longer view psychotherapy as a collective discipline that require combined efforts with other experts in the field since they are in a position to carry out counseling and psychiatry without involving anybody else—they can visit their clients at home, chat with them online and make home phone class with them. This has resulted to a great decline in the success of psychology as a collective discipline (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999; Azucena, Hunter, 2001). Conclusion The use IT in psychology and the advancement in psychotherapy are important developments in psychology and should be highly encouraged. However, it is upon therapists and other psychological professionals to ensure that this new trends are used effectively to prevent the decline evident in cooperation among professional bodies in the field of psychology due to individualism. References Azucena, P. G. , Hunter, H. G. (2001) Redefining Therapeutic Success with Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Cyber-psychology Behavior, 4(3), pp. 484-489. Fowers, B. J. , Tredinnick, M. G. (1999). Individualism and psychotherapy; are psychologists leading or following individualistic trends? Counseling, Psychology Quarterly, 12(3): pp. 303-313 Wilson, J. T. et al (2004). Current trends in psychology and the behavioral sciences. University of Pittsburgh press: Pittsburgh, PA.